Day: October 18, 2022

Grivas, Spiros; Schuisky, Peter published the artcile< Synthesis of imidazonaphthyridines and -quinolines>, Application of C6H6N2O, the main research area is imidazonaphthyridine imidazoquinoline preparation; cyclocondensation aromatic aldehyde aminoimidazolinone.

Four 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-b][1,x]naphthyridines (x = 5-8), e.g., I, have been obtained from aromatic aldehydes and 2-amino-1-methyl-2-imidazolin-5-one in one step. The N1- and N3-Me isomes of 2-aminoimidazo[4,5-b]quinoline (II and III) were prepared from 2-nitrobenzaldehyde via the isolated E-isomers of imidazolin-5-ones.

Heterocycles published new progress about Cyclocondensation reaction. 55279-29-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, Application of C6H6N2O.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Khayat, Maan T.; Omar, Abdelsattar M.; Elfaky, Mahmoud A.; Muhammad, Yosra A.; Felemban, Elaf A.; El-Say, Khalid M.; El-Araby, Moustafa E. published the artcile< Reexamining povarov reaction′s scope and limitation in the generation of HCV-NS4A peptidomimetics>, Recommanded Product: tert-Butyl (5-aminopyridin-2-yl)carbamate, the main research area is hepatitis C virus NS4A peptidomimetics.

Chronic Hepatitis C is a global health threat and a silent killer. Regardless of the profound progress in preventing and treating this disease, research continues to discover new direct antiviral agents (DAAs), especially against novel targets. Our research has been directed to leverage the NS4A binding site to develop peptidomimetic inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3 protease. In previous reports, we could provide evidence of tunability of this site by peptide and nonpeptide NS3/4A inhibitors. In this report, we used structure-based techniques to design 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1,7-naphthyridine derivative as NS4A core mimics that cover the region between residues Ile-25′ to Arg-28′. The synthetic plan featured the Povarov reaction as an efficient strategy to construct the 1,7-naphthyridine core. Although this reaction has been reported in many literatures, critical assessments for its scope and limitations are scarce. In our work, we found that Povarov was extremely sensitive to alkene and aldehyde reactants. Moreover, using pyridine amines was not as successful as anilines. The most striking results were the lack of stability of compounds during purification and storage. The four compounds that survived the stability problems (1a-1d) did not show significant binding potency with NS3, because their structures were too simple to resemble the originally planned compounds

Heteroatom Chemistry published new progress about Aggregation (temperature). 220731-04-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C10H15N3O2, Recommanded Product: tert-Butyl (5-aminopyridin-2-yl)carbamate.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Ma, Teng; Chen, Yate; Li, Yuxiu; Ping, Yuanyuan; Kong, Wangqing published the artcile< Nickel-Catalyzed Enantioselective Reductive Aryl Fluoroalkenylation of Alkenes>, Recommanded Product: (R)-4-(tert-Butyl)-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole, the main research area is nickel catalyzed enantioselective reductive aryl monofluoroalkenylation alkene; aryl bromide gem difluoroalkene monofluoroalkenylation; oxindole monofluoroalkenyl substituent preparation.

Enantioselective Ni-catalyzed reductive aryl monofluoroalkenylation of alkenes between aryl bromides and gem-difluoroalkenes has been developed. The reaction proceeding under room temperature and base-free reaction conditions tolerates a wide range of functional groups on both coupling partners. Various synthetically useful oxindoles containing monofluoroalkenyl substituent are obtained in good yields with 85%-95% enantiomeric excess. In addition, the synthetic method can be further applied to the late-stage monofluoroalkenylation of complex biol. active compounds

ACS Catalysis published new progress about Alkenylation (monofluoro-). 1428537-19-2 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C13H15F3N2O, Recommanded Product: (R)-4-(tert-Butyl)-2-(5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)-4,5-dihydrooxazole.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Ham, Won Seok; Choi, Hoonchul; Zhang, Jianbo; Kim, Dongwook; Chang, Sukbok published the artcile< C2-Selective, Functional-Group-Divergent Amination of Pyrimidines by Enthalpy-Controlled Nucleophilic Functionalization>, Product Details of C6H4F3N, the main research area is aminopyrimidine preparation DFT; pyrimidine nucleophilic functionalization.

A synthetic platform for site-selective C-H functionalization that affords pyrimidinyl iminium salt intermediates, which then can be transformed into various amine products I (R = azanyl, 5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, methylaminyl, etc.; R1 = H, Ph) in situ. was described. Mechanism-based reagent design allowed for the C2-selective amination of pyrimidines II, opening the new scope of site-selective heteroaryl C-H functionalization. This method is compatible with a broad range of pyrimidines II with sensitive functional groups, and can access complex aminopyrimidines I in high selectivity.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about Density functional theory. 3796-23-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H4F3N, Product Details of C6H4F3N.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Turley, Alexandra E.; Isaacs, Kristin K.; Wetmore, Barbara A.; Karmaus, Agnes L.; Embry, Michelle R.; Krishan, Mansi published the artcile< Incorporating new approach methodologies in toxicity testing and exposure assessment for tiered risk assessment using the RISK21 approach: Case studies on food contact chemicals>, Recommanded Product: 2-Mercaptopyridinen-oxide sodiumsalt, the main research area is food contact chem toxicity risk assessment RISK21 approach; Dibutyltin dichloride; Food additive; High-throughput screening; In-vitro in-vivo extrapolation; RISK21; Sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-Oxide (pyrithione sodium); ToxCast.

Programs including the ToxCast project have generated large amounts of in vitro high-throughput screening (HTS) data, and best approaches for the interpretation and use of HTS data, including for chem. safety assessment, remain to be evaluated. To fill this gap, we conducted case studies of two indirect food additive chems. where ToxCast data were compared with in vivo toxicity data using the RISK21 approach. Two food contact substances, sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide and dibutyltin dichloride, were selected, and available exposure data, toxicity data, and model predictions were compiled and assessed. Oral equivalent doses for the ToxCast bioactivity data were determined by in-vitro in-vivo extrapolation (IVIVE). For sodium (2-pyridylthio)-N-oxide, bioactive concentrations in ToxCast assays corresponded to low- and no-observed adverse effect levels in animal studies. For dibutyltin dichloride, the ToxCast bioactive concentrations were below the dose range that demonstrated toxicity in animals; however, this was confounded by the lack of toxicokinetic data, necessitating the use of conservative toxicokinetic parameter estimates for IVIVE calculations This study highlights the potential utility of the RISK21 approach for interpretation of the ToxCast HTS data, as well as the challenges involved in integrating in vitro HTS data into safety assessments.

Food and Chemical Toxicology published new progress about Chemical safety. 3811-73-2 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C5H4NNaOS, Recommanded Product: 2-Mercaptopyridinen-oxide sodiumsalt.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Bokosi, Fostino R. B.; Beteck, Richard M.; Mbaba, Mziyanda; Mtshare, Thanduxolo E.; Laming, Dustin; Hoppe, Heinrich C.; Khanye, Setshaba D. published the artcile< Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives as potential antiplasmodial agents>, Product Details of C6H8N2, the main research area is quinoline methanamine preparation antimalarial; Antiplasmodial; Chloroquine-sensitive; Plasmodium falciparum; Quinoline.

Several classes of antimalarial drugs are currently available, although issues of toxicity and the emergence of drug resistant malaria parasites have reduced their overall therapeutic efficiency. Quinoline based antiplasmodial drugs have unequivocally been long-established and continue to inspire the design of new antimalarial agents. Herein, a series of mono- and bisquinoline methanamine derivatives were synthesized through sequential steps; Vilsmeier-Haack, reductive amination, and nucleophilic substitution, and obtained in low to excellent yields. The resulting compounds were investigated for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against the 3D7 chloroquine-sensitive strain of Plasmodium falciparum, and compounds I and II emerged as the most promising with IC50 values of 0.23 and 0.93μM, resp. The most promising compounds were also evaluated in silico by mol. docking protocols for binding affinity to the {0 0 1} fast-growing face of a hemozoin crystal model.

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters published new progress about Amines Role: PAC (Pharmacological Activity), RCT (Reactant), SPN (Synthetic Preparation), THU (Therapeutic Use), BIOL (Biological Study), RACT (Reactant or Reagent), PREP (Preparation), USES (Uses). 3731-53-1 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2, Product Details of C6H8N2.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Nelson, Todd D.; Crouch, R. David published the artcile< Cu, Ni, and Pd mediated homocoupling reactions in biaryl syntheses: The Ullmann reaction>, Reference of 13472-84-9, the main research area is review Biaryl; review Homocoupling; review Pd; review Reaction; review Syntheses; review Ullmann; review Ni; review Cu; review Reactions; review Mediated.

A review of the article Cu, Ni, and Pd mediated homocoupling reactions in biaryl syntheses: The Ullmann reaction.

Organic Reactions (Hoboken, NJ, United States) published new progress about Organic synthesis. 13472-84-9 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H6ClNO, Reference of 13472-84-9.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhang, Youcan; Yin, Zhiping; Wang, Hai; Wu, Xiao-Feng published the artcile< Pd/C-Catalyzed Carbonylative Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzoxazinones from 2-Iodoaryl Azides and Amines>, COA of Formula: C6H8N2, the main research area is amine iodoaryl azide carbon monoxide palladium catalyst carbonylation; aminobenzoxazinone preparation.

A palladium-catalyzed carbonylative procedure for the synthesis of 2-aminobenzoxazinones from 1-azido-2-iodobenzenes and amines has been developed. A broad range of 2-aminobenzoxazinone derivatives, e.g., I were prepared in moderate to excellent yields by using Pd/C as the catalyst under CO atm. Notably, by using organic azides as the substrates, external oxidant usage can be successfully avoided and only forms N2 as the byproduct.

Organic Letters published new progress about Amines Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 3731-53-1 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C6H8N2, COA of Formula: C6H8N2.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhou, Sen; Sun, Ze-Ying; Zhu, Kongying; Zhao, Wentao; Tang, Xiangyang; Guo, Minjie; Wang, Guangwei published the artcile< Metal-Free Difunctionalization of Pyridines: Selective Construction of N-CF2H and N-CHO Dihydropyridines>, Quality Control of 350-03-8, the main research area is pyridine nitroalkane bromodifluoroacetate regioselective nucleophilic addition; nitroalkyl difluoromethyl dihydropyridine preparation; nitromethylene difluoromethyl dihydropyridine preparation; formyl difluoromethyl dihydropyridine preparation.

A novel nucleophilic addition of N-difluoromethylpyridinium salts with nitroalkanes to synthesize N-CF2H-dihydropyridines and N-CHO-dihydropyridines in a highly efficient and regioselective pathway was reported. This protocol exhibited good functional group tolerance and good to excellent yields.

Organic Letters published new progress about Alkanes, nitro Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent). 350-03-8 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C7H7NO, Quality Control of 350-03-8.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Close, Anne-Francoise; Chae, Heeyoung; Jonas, Jean-Christophe published the artcile< The lack of functional nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase only moderately contributes to the impairment of glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in C57BL/6J vs C57BL/6N mice>, Safety of 1,2-Di(pyridin-2-yl)disulfane, the main research area is nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase glucose tolerance insulin; Genetic background; Glucose homeostasis; Glutathione redox state; Insulin secretion; Mitochondria; NADPH.

Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT) is involved in mitochondrial NADPH production and its spontaneous inactivating mutation (NntTr [Tr, truncated]) is usually considered to be the main cause of the lower glucose tolerance of C57BL/6J vs C57BL/6N mice. However, the impact of this mutation on glucose tolerance remains disputed. Here, we singled out the impact of NntTr from that of other genetic variants between C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice on mitochondrial glutathione redox state (EGSH), glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) and glucose tolerance. Male and female N5BL/6J mice that express wild-type Nnt (NntWT) or NntTr (N5-WT and N5-Tr mice) on the C57BL/6J genetic background were obtained by crossing N5BL/6J NntWT/Tr heterozygous mice. C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mice were from Janvier Laboratories The Nnt genotype was confirmed by PCR and the genetic background by whole genome sequencing of one mouse of each type. Glucose tolerance was assessed by IPGTT, ITT and fasting/refeeding tests. Stimulus-secretion coupling events and GSIS were measured in isolated pancreatic islets. Cytosolic and mitochondrial EGSH were measured using the fluorescent redox probe GRX1-roGFP2 (glutaredoxin 1 fused to redox-sensitive enhanced GFP). The Nnt genotype and genetic background of each type of mouse were confirmed. As reported previously in C57BL/6N vs C57BL/6J islets, the glucose regulation of mitochondrial (but not cytosolic) EGSH and of NAD(P)H autofluorescence was markedly improved in N5-WT vs N5-Tr islets, confirming the role of NNT in mitochondrial redox regulation. However, ex vivo GSIS was only 1.2-1.4-times higher in N5-WT vs N5-Tr islets, while it was 2.4-times larger in C57BL/6N vs N5-WT islets, questioning the role of NNT in GSIS. In vivo, the ITT results did not differ between N5-WT and N5-Tr or C57BL/6N mice. However, the glucose excursion during an IPGTT was only 15-20% lower in female N5-WT mice than in N5-Tr and C57BL/6J mice and remained 3.5-times larger than in female C57BL/6N mice. Similar observations were made during a fasting/refeeding test. A slightly larger (∼30%) impact of NNT on glucose tolerance was found in males. Although our results confirm the importance of NNT in the regulation of mitochondrial redox state by glucose, they markedly downsize the role of NNT in the alteration of GSIS and glucose tolerance in C57BL/6J vs C57BL/6N mice. Therefore, documenting an NntWT genotype in C57BL/6 mice does not provide proof that their glucose tolerance is as good as in C57BL/6N mice.

Diabetologia published new progress about DNA Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 2127-03-9 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C10H8N2S2, Safety of 1,2-Di(pyridin-2-yl)disulfane.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem