Day: November 8, 2022

In 2022,Itagaki, Ren; Takizawa, Shin-ya; Chang, Ho-Chol; Nakada, Akinobu published an article in Dalton Transactions. The title of the article was 《Light-induced electron transfer/phase migration of a redox mediator for photocatalytic C-C coupling in a biphasic solution》.Synthetic Route of C12H12N2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Photocatalytic mol. conversions that lead to value-added chems. are of considerable interest. To achieve highly efficient photocatalytic reactions, it is equally important as it is challenging to construct systems that enable effective charge separation Here, we demonstrate that the rational construction of a biphasic solution system with a ferrocenium/ferrocene (Fc+/Fc) redox couple enables efficient photocatalysis by spatial charge separation using the liquid-liquid interface. In a single-phase system, exposure of a 1,2-dichloroethane (DCE) solution containing a Ru(II)- or Ir(III)-based photosensitizer, Fc, and benzyl bromide (Bn-Br) to visible-light irradiation failed to generate any product. However, the photolysis in a H2O/DCE biphasic solution, where the compounds are initially distributed in the DCE phase, facilitated the reductive coupling of Bn-Br to dibenzyl (Bn2) using Fc as an electron donor. The key result of this study is that Fc+, generated by photooxidation of Fc in the DCE phase, migrates to the aqueous phase due to the drastic change in its partition coefficient compared to that of Fc. This liquid-liquid phase migration of the mediator is essential for facilitating the reduction of Bn-Br in the DCE phase as it suppresses backward charge recombination. The co-existence of anions can further modify the driving force of phase migration of Fc+ depending on their hydrophilicity; the best photocatalytic activity was obtained with a turnover frequency of 79.5 h-1 and a quantum efficiency of 0.2% for the formation of Bn2 by adding NBu4+Br- to the biphasic solution This study showcases a potential approach for rectifying electron transfer with suppressed charge recombination to achieve efficient photocatalysis. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Synthetic Route of C12H12N2)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Synthetic Route of C12H12N2 Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Biallas, Phillip; Yamazaki, Ken; Dixon, Darren J. published an article in Organic Letters. The title of the article was 《Difluoroalkylation of Tertiary Amides and Lactams by an Iridium-Catalyzed Reductive Reformatsky Reaction》.Recommanded Product: 3510-66-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:

An iridium catalyzed, reductive alkylation of abundant tertiary lactams and amides using 1-2 mol % of Vaska’s complex (IrCl(CO)(PPh3)2), tetramethyldisiloxane (TMDS) and difluoro-Reformatsky reagents (BrZnCF2R) for the general synthesis of medicinally relevant α-difluoroalkylated tertiary amines, is described. A broad scope (42 examples), including N-aryl and N-heteroaryl substituted lactams, demonstrated an excellent functional group tolerance. Furthermore, late-stage drug functionalizations, a gram scale synthesis and common downstream transformations proved the potential synthetic relevance of this new methodol. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Recommanded Product: 3510-66-5)

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Recommanded Product: 3510-66-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Shi, Shanshan; Zheng, Zhipeng; Zhang, Yumeng; Yang, Yufei; Ma, Denghui; Gao, Yuzhen; Liu, Yan; Tang, Guo; Zhao, Yufen published their research in Organic Letters in 2021. The article was titled 《Photoinduced Phosphorylation/Cyclization of Cyanoaromatics for Divergent Access to Mono- and Diphosphorylated Polyheterocycles》.Category: pyridine-derivatives The article contains the following contents:

The visible-light-driven switchable phosphorylation of cyanoaroms. with the 1,6-enyne moiety for the diverse and selective synthesis of phosphorylated polyheterocycles, including phosphorylated aminophosphonates, iminophosphonates, and ketones, was described. Importantly, these photocatalytic transformations feature good functional group tolerance and high regio- and chemoselectivities under mild reaction conditions. These findings might stimulate the exploration of new photocatalytic uses of P(O)-H compounds by employing CN-containing substrates as the radical acceptors. In addition to this study using fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium, there are many other studies that have used fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(cas: 94928-86-6Category: pyridine-derivatives) was used in this study.

fac-Tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium(cas: 94928-86-6) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Reason, Thomas E.; Goka, Benjamin; Krause, Jeanette A.; Fionah, Abelline K.; Zahran, Elsayed M.; Rayat, Sundeep published their research in CrystEngComm in 2021. The article was titled 《Cu2O nanoparticle-catalyzed synthesis of diaryl tetrazolones and investigation of their solid-state properties》.Synthetic Route of C5H6BNO2 The article contains the following contents:

An efficient and versatile method for the synthesis of 1,4-diaryl tetrazolones I [Ar1 = Ph, 4-MeOC6H4, 4-O2NC6H4; Ar2 = Ph, 4-FC6H4, 3-pyridyl, etc.] was reported which involved C-N coupling of aryl tetrazolones with aryl boronic acids in the presence of Cu2O nanoparticles under an oxygen atm. and DMSO as solvent. The reaction tolerated a variety of electron donating and electron withdrawing substituents on both substrates and produced the desired 1,4-diaryl tetrazolones I in moderate to good yields. In the crystal lattice, the mols. exhibited π···π stacking interactions between the adjacent layers as well as weak through-space electrostatic C-H···O interactions involved the pendant rings and tetrazolone carbonyl. The compounds I [Ar1 = 4-MeOC6H4; Ar2 = 3-MeC6H4, 3-FC6H4] differed only in the presence of one group (Me or fluoro), exhibited an identical pattern of noncovalent interactions in the solid-state. Hirshfeld surface anal. had also been performed to visualize intermol. interactions. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7Synthetic Route of C5H6BNO2)

Pyridin-3-ylboronic acid(cas: 1692-25-7) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Synthetic Route of C5H6BNO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Yang, Xiaoyu; Wang, Liang; Hu, Fangzhi; Xu, Lubin; Li, Sanming; Li, Shuai-Shuai published their research in Organic Letters in 2021. The article was titled 《Redox-triggered switchable synthesis of 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives via hydride transfer/N-dealkylation/N-acylation》.Reference of 2-Pyridinylboronic acid The article contains the following contents:

The switchable synthesis of 3-non, 3-mono, 3,3′-disubstituted 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-ones was developed through a redox-neutral hydride-transfer/N-dealkylation/N-acylation strategy from o-aminobenzaldehyde with 4-hydroxycoumarin, and Meldrum’s acid, resp. The unprecedented strategy for the synthesis of 3,3′-highly functionalized 3,4-dihydroquinolin-2(1H)-one has been realized with the in situ utilization of the released HCHO via the o-QM involved Michael addition In addition, the synthetic utility of this protocol has been well illustrated via concise synthesis of CYP11B2 inhibitor. In addition to this study using 2-Pyridinylboronic acid, there are many other studies that have used 2-Pyridinylboronic acid(cas: 197958-29-5Reference of 2-Pyridinylboronic acid) was used in this study.

2-Pyridinylboronic acid(cas: 197958-29-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Reference of 2-Pyridinylboronic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhu, Yi-Ming; Fang, Yizhan; Li, Haiyan; Xu, Xiao-Ping; Ji, Shun-Jun published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Divergent Reaction of Isocyanides with o-Bromobenzaldehydes: Synthesis of Ketenimines and Lactams with Isoindolinone Cores》, and you may find the article in Organic Letters.Quality Control of 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A divergent reaction of isocyanides RNC (R = tert-Bu, cyclohexyl, adamantyl, etc.) with o-bromobenzaldehydes such as 2-bromo-4,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde, 6-bromo-2H-1,3-benzodioxole-5-carbaldehyde, 2-bromopyridine-3-carbaldehyde for the synthesis of isoindolinone-derived ketenimines such as I and lactams such as II was disclosed. The reaction features readily available reactants, relatively mild conditions, and high yields of products. Ketenimines could be applied in further transformations for access to other functional mols. A mechanism study showed that the palladium-migration/imine-insertion process was the key step in this reaction. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0Quality Control of 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde)

2-Bromonicotinaldehyde(cas: 128071-75-0) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is a relatively complex molecule and exhibits a number of different bands in IR spectra. Among others, the bands characterizing the ν8a and ν19b modes have been found to be sensitive to the coordination or protonation of the molecule. Note that the band that is diagnostic for the PyH+ ion at about 1545 cm− 1 (ν19b mode) does not overlap with any of the other bands.Quality Control of 2-Bromonicotinaldehyde

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Ang, Mervin Chun-Yi; Dhar, Niha; Khong, Duc Thinh; Lew, Tedrick Thomas Salim; Park, Minkyung; Sarangapani, Sreelatha; Cui, Jianqiao; Dehadrai, Aniket; Singh, Gajendra Pratap; Chan-Park, Mary B.; Sarojam, Rajani; Strano, Michael published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Nanosensor Detection of Synthetic Auxins In Planta using Corona Phase Molecular Recognition》, and you may find the article in ACS Sensors.Name: 2,5-Dibromopyridine The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Synthetic auxins such as 1-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) have been extensively used in plant tissue cultures and as herbicides because they are chem. more stable and potent than most endogenous auxins. A tool for rapid in planta detection of these compounds will enhance our knowledge about hormone distribution and signaling and facilitate more efficient usage of synthetic auxins in agriculture. In this work, we show the development of real-time and nondestructive in planta NAA and 2,4-D nanosensors based on the concept of corona phase mol. recognition (CoPhMoRe), to replace the current state-of-the-art sensing methods that are destructive and laborious. By designing a library of cationic polymers wrapped around single-walled carbon nanotubes with general affinity for chem. moieties displayed on auxins and its derivatives, we developed selective sensors for these synthetic auxins, with a particularly large quenching response to NAA (46%) and a turn-on response to 2,4-D (51%). The NAA and 2,4-D nanosensors are demonstrated in planta across several plant species including spinach, Arabidopsis thaliana (A. thaliana), Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (pak choi), and Oryza sativa (rice) grown in various media, including soil, hydroponic, and plant tissue culture media. After 5 h of 2,4-D supplementation to the hydroponic medium, 2,4-D is seen to accumulate in susceptible dicotyledon pak choi leaves, while no uptake is observed in tolerant monocotyledon rice leaves. As such, the 2,4-D nanosensor had demonstrated its capability for rapid testing of herbicide susceptibility and could help elucidate the mechanisms of 2,4-D transport and the basis for herbicide resistance in crops. The success of the CoPhMoRe technique for measuring these challenging plant hormones holds tremendous potential to advance the plant biol. study. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2Name: 2,5-Dibromopyridine)

2,5-Dibromopyridine(cas: 624-28-2) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Name: 2,5-Dibromopyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chi, Benjamin K.; Widness, Jonas K.; Gilbert, Michael M.; Salgueiro, Daniel C.; Garcia, Kevin J.; Weix, Daniel J. published an article in 2022. The article was titled 《In-Situ Bromination Enables Formal Cross-Electrophile Coupling of Alcohols with Aryl and Alkenyl Halides》, and you may find the article in ACS Catalysis.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The use of 1° and 2° alcs. in cross-electrophile coupling with aryl and vinyl halides to form C(sp3)-C(sp2) bonds R-R1 [R = 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl, piperidinyl-1-carboxylate, 4,4-difluorocyclohexyl, etc.; R1 = 5-methylpyridinyl, 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl, 4-fluorophenyl, etc.] in a one-pot strategy utilizing a very fast (<1 min) bromination was reported. The reaction's simple benchtop setup and broad scope (42 examples, 56% ± 15% average yield) facilitated use at all scales. The potential in parallel synthesis applications was demonstrated by successfully coupling all combinations of 8 alcs. with 12 aryl cores in a 96-well plate. In addition to this study using 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine, there are many other studies that have used 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine) was used in this study.

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is widely used in the precursor to agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals. Also, it is used as an important reagent and organic solvent.Recommanded Product: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Mohr, Alex E.; Jasbi, Paniz; Vander Wyst, Kiley B.; van Woerden, Irene; Shi, Xiaojian; Gu, Haiwei; Whisner, Corrie M.; Bruening, Meg published an article in Scientific Reports. The title of the article was 《Association of food insecurity on gut microbiome and metabolome profiles in a diverse college-based sample》.Electric Literature of C6H5NO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Voluntary caloric restriction (e.g., eating disorders) often results in alterations in the gut microbiota composition and function. However, these findings may not translate to food insecurity, where an individual experiences inconsistent access to healthy food options. In this study we compared the fecal microbiome and metabolome of racially and ethnically diverse first year college students (n = 60) experiencing different levels of food access. Students were dichotomized into food secure (FS) and food insecure (FI) groups using a validated, 2-question screener assessing food security status over the previous 30 days. Fecal samples were collected up to 5 days post survey-completion. Gut microbiome and metabolome were established using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, targeted liquid chromatog.-tandem mass spectrometry, and gas chromatog.-mass spectrometry. FI students experienced significantly greater microbial diversity with increased abundance of Enterobacteriaceae and Eisenbergiella, while FS students had greater abundance of Megasphaera and Holdemanella. Metabolites related to energy transfer and gut-brain-axis communication (picolinic acid, phosphocreatine, 2-pyrrolidinone) were elevated in FI students (q < 0.05). These findings suggest that food insecurity is associated with differential gut microbial and metabolite composition for which the future implications are unknown. Further work is needed to elucidate the longitudinal metabolic effects of food insecurity and how gut microbes influence metabolic outcomes. In the experiment, the researchers used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Electric Literature of C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Electric Literature of C6H5NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Jiang, Ting; Cao, Ya-Nan; Xu, Jin-Bu; Gao, Feng; Zheng, Ling-Li published an article in Scientific Reports. The title of the article was 《Molecular-docking-guided design, palladium-catalyzed synthesis and anticancer activity of paclitaxel-benzoxazoles hybrids》.Name: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine The author mentioned the following in the article:

A series of new paclitaxel-benzoxazoles hybrids I (R = Ph, 2-naphthyl, 3-pyridyl, etc.; R1 = O-tert-Bu, Ph) were designed based on both the mol. docking mode of beta-tubulin with paclitaxel derivatives I (R = Ph, 3-pyridyl; R1 = Ph), and the activity-structure relationship of C-13 side chain in paclitaxel. Palladium-catalyzed direct Csp2-H arylation of benzoxazoles with different aryl-bromides was used as the key synthetic strategy for the aryl-benzoxazoles moieties in the hybrids. Twenty-six newly synthesized hybrids were screened for their antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines such as human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and liver hepatocellular cells (HepG2) by the MTT assay and results were compared with paclitaxel. Interestingly, most hybrids showed significantly active against both cell lines at concentration of 50μM, which indicated that the hybrid strategy is effective to get structural simplified paclitaxel analogs with high anti-tumor activity. In the experiment, the researchers used 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Name: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine)

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Name: 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem