Day: January 5, 2023

Multifunctional Reactive MALDI Matrix Enabling High-Lateral Resolution Dual Polarity MS Imaging and Lipid C=C Position-Resolved MS² Imaging was written by Waeldchen, Fabian;Mohr, Franziska;Wagner, Andreas H.;Heiles, Sven. And the article was included in Analytical Chemistry (Washington, DC, United States) in 2020.Product Details of 91-02-1 This article mentions the following:

Local lipid variations in tissues are readily revealed with mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) methods, and the resulting lipid distributions serve as bioanal. signatures to reveal cell- or tissue-specific lipids. Comprehensive MSI lipid mapping requires measurements in both ion polarities. Addnl., structural lipid characterization is necessary to link the lipid structure to lipid function. Whereas some structural elements of lipids are readily derived from high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and tandem-MS (MSⁿ), the localization of C=C double bonds (DBs) requires specialized fragmentation and/or functionalization methods. In this work, we identify a multifunctional matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) matrix for spatially resolved lipidomics investigations that reacts with lipids in Paternó-Büchi (PB) reactions during laser irradiation facilitating DB-position assignment and allows dual-polarity high-resolution MALDI-MSI and MALDI MS²I studies. By screening 12 compounds for improved ionization efficiency in pos.-/neg.-ion mode and the functionalization yield compared to the previously introduced reactive MALDI matrix benzophenone, 2-benzoylpyridine (BzPy) is identified as the best candidate. The new matrix enables DB localization of authentic standards belonging to 12 lipid classes and helps to assign 133/58 lipid features in pos.-/neg.-ion mode from mouse cerebellum tissue. The anal. capabilities of BzPy as a multifunctional MALDI-MSI matrix are demonstrated by imaging endogenous and PB-functionalized lipids in mouse kidney sections with 7μm lateral resolution in both ion modes. Tracking diagnostic lipid DB-position fragment ions in mouse pancreatic tissue with down to 10μm pixel size allows us to identify the islets of Langerhans associated with lipid isomer upregulation and depletion. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1Product Details of 91-02-1).

Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Product Details of 91-02-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Filling environmental data gaps with QSPR for ionic liquids: Modeling n-octanol/water coefficient was written by Rybinska, Anna;Sosnowska, Anita;Grzonkowska, Monika;Barycki, Maciej;Puzyn, Tomasz. And the article was included in Journal of Hazardous Materials in 2016.Recommanded Product: 125652-55-3 This article mentions the following:

Ionic liquids (ILs) form a wide group of compounds characterized by specific properties that allow using ILs in different fields of science and industry. Regarding that the growing production and use of ionic liquids increase probability of their emission to the environment, it is important to estimate the ability of these compounds to spread in the environment. One of the most important parameters that allow evaluating environmental mobility of compound is n-octanol/water partition coefficient (K_OW). Exptl. measuring of the K_OW values for a large number of compounds could be time consuming and costly. Instead, computational predictions are nowadays being used more often. The paper presents new quant. structure-property relationship (QSPR) model that allows predicting the logarithmic values of K_OW for 335 ILs, for which the exptl. measured values had been unavailable. We also estimated bioaccumulation potential and point out which group of ILs could have neg. impact on environment. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3Recommanded Product: 125652-55-3).

1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Recommanded Product: 125652-55-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

C6H5N energy surface. III. Isomerization processes and intramolecular trapping in picolylcarbenes was written by Crow, Wilfrid D.;Khan, Amtul N.;Paddon-Row, Michael N.. And the article was included in Australian Journal of Chemistry in 1975.Formula: C7H6N2 This article mentions the following:

5-(Methyl-2-, 3-, and -4-pyridyl)tetrazoles are prepared from the corresponding picolinecarbonitriles and are used as gas-phase generators for the corresponding picolylcarbenes at 600°/0.05 mm. The normal isomerization processes in arylcarbenes are interrupted in some cases by intramolecular trapping by the Me groups to give cyclobuta[b] and -[c]pyridines. The major process competing with this is N-extrusion to give tolynitrenes, which then undergo ring contraction to form methylcyclopentadienecarbonitriles. The relative yields from these and other processes are used to deduce the preferred isomerization pathways in picolylcarbenes. In methyl-2-pyridylcarbenes there is almost exclusive insertion into the 2,3-bond, leading to the tolynitrenes. The 3- and 4-pyridylcarbenes show a tendency for the carbene center to oscillate over the 3-, 4- and 5-positions of the ring with slower leakage to the 2-position. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Methylpicolinonitrile (cas: 1620-76-4Formula: C7H6N2).

4-Methylpicolinonitrile (cas: 1620-76-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Formula: C7H6N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Kinetics of reaction of pyridine 1-oxides with phosgene in methylene chloride was written by Chimishkyan, A. L.;Grabarnik, M. S.;Orlov, S. I.;Bodrov, D. E.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii in 1989.Quality Control of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide This article mentions the following:

Rate constants (k) were determined for the reactions of pyridine oxides I (R = 4-MeO, 4-Me, 3-Me, 2-Me, H, 3-Cl) and 2,3-, 3,5-, and 2,6-dimethylpyridine oxide with COCl₂ to give 1,1′-(carbonyldioxy)bis[pyridinium] dichlorides. Linear relations between log k and substituent constants of R and dipole moments of I were obtained. The inductive and resonance effects of electron-donating R substituents make significant and comparable contributions to stabilizing the transition state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Quality Control of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Quality Control of 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Absorption measurements on diphenyl compounds in the microwave region was written by Hufnagel, F.;Klages, G.;Knobloch, P.. And the article was included in Zeitschrift fuer Naturforschung in 1962.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:

Recent measurements of the dielec. absorption at 0.7, 1.5, 10.1, and 60 cm. wavelengths are discussed in terms of the long wave relaxation time t_L and flattening of the absorption curve (v %) in relation to the Debye curve. The dipole moments, t_L, and v are tabulated for Ph₂CO, Ph₂O, Ph₂S, 4,4′-dibromodiphenyl sulfide, 2-pyridyl Ph ether, m-nitrophenyl Ph ether, 4-pyridyl Ph ether, Ph₂CH₂, dinaphthyl ether, biphenylyl Ph ether, hydroquinone diphenyl ether, resorcinol diphenyl ether, and phenoxathiin. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Category: pyridine-derivatives).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis and biological investigation of triazolopyridinone derivatives as potential multireceptor atypical antipsychotics was written by Shi, Wenqiang;Wang, Yu;Wu, Chunhui;Yang, Feipu;Zheng, Wei;Wu, Song;Liu, Yongjian;Wang, Zhen;He, Yang;Shen, Jingshan. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2020.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:

A series of triazolopyridinone derivatives originating from the antidepressant trazodone was designed and pharmacol. evaluated. Most of the compounds with a multireceptor functional profile exhibited high potency at the D₂, 5-HT_1A, and 5-HT_2A receptors. Compounds 2-(4-(4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2 H)-one, 2-(4-(4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-8-fluoro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one, 2-(4-(4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-5-methoxy-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one and 2-(4-(4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridine-6-carbonitrile were selected for further evaluation of druggable potential. Among these compounds, 2-(4-(4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one, as a D₂ receptor partial agonist, demonstrated very potent inhibition of quipazine-induced head-twitch response, which validated its 5-HT_2A receptor antagonistic efficacy in vivo. 2-(4-(4-(Benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2-H)-one also demonstrated a dose-dependent effect on PCP-induced hyperactivity when administered orally. Thus, 2-(4-(4-(benzo[b]thiophen-4-yl)piperazin-1-yl)butyl)-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]pyridin-3(2H)-one endowed with a triazolopyridinone scaffold represents a valuable lead for the development of novel atypical antipsychotics. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Fluoronicotinonitrile (cas: 3939-12-6Category: pyridine-derivatives).

6-Fluoronicotinonitrile (cas: 3939-12-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Iridium-catalyzed intermolecular directed dehydrogenative ortho C-H silylation was written by Wang, Hong;Wang, Guanghui;Li, Pengfei. And the article was included in Organic Chemistry Frontiers in 2017.Name: 2-Isopropylpyridine This article mentions the following:

An efficient method for iridium-catalyzed direct silylation of C(sp²)-H and C(sp³)-H bonds using HSiMe(OSiMe₃)₂ as the silylating reagent is described. The reaction is amenable to various directing groups under simple and mild conditions leading to the mono- and regioselective synthesis of versatile organosilane compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Name: 2-Isopropylpyridine).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Name: 2-Isopropylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Direct Exploitation of the Ethynyl Moiety in Calcium Carbide Through Sealed Ball Milling was written by Hosseini, Abolfazl;Schreiner, Peter R.. And the article was included in European Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2020.Name: Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone This article mentions the following:

Ball milling of calcium carbide (CaC₂) enables the reaction of its ethynyl moiety with organic electrophiles. This was realized simply by co-milling CaC₂ with organic substrates in a sealed jar without the need for an additive or a catalyst. Various ketones including those bearing α-hydrogens were ethynylated in good yields at short reaction times. Aryl halides are also amenable substrates for this protocol as they furnish aryl ethynes through a benzyne intermediate. This method offers a practical and cheap alternative to the established procedures for introducing ethynyl functionalities. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1Name: Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone).

Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Name: Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Reaction parameters effect on hydrothermal liquefaction of castor (Ricinus Communis) residue for energy and valuable hydrocarbons recovery was written by Kaur, Ravneet;Gera, Poonam;Jha, Mithilesh Kumar;Bhaskar, Thallada. And the article was included in Renewable Energy in 2019.Safety of Pyridin-4-ol This article mentions the following:

Castor plant (Ricinus communis) is a fast growing, perennial shrub also known as wonder tree from Euphorbiaceae family. India ranks globally first with production of 87% of the castor seed, while second and third largest producer countries, China and Brazil produced 5% and 1%, resp. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is one of the most promising thermochem. conversion process used to convert wet/high moisture biomass to biofuels and value-added hydrocarbons. HTL of castor residue (stem and leaves) was performed at 260, 280, 300 °C and 15, 30, 60, 90 min. Investigations on the effect of temperature and residence time on distribution of products (bio-oil, bio-char) indicated the maximum Total Bio-oil (TBO) yield of c.a. 15.8 wt% was obtained at 300 °C at 60 min. The major compounds observed by GC-MS were phenols and their derivatives, aromatic hydrocarbons, N-containing compounds, acids. In addition, the recovery of carbon and corresponding energy recovery with respect to castor residue indicated that the carbon and energy recovery for bio-oil 1 were 24.23% and 31.08% resp. An increase in the carbon and decrease of oxygen content in bio-oil (BO) demonstrates that the castor residue can be used as a potential feedstock for bioenergy applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2Safety of Pyridin-4-ol).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Safety of Pyridin-4-ol

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Discovery of 2-(2-Oxo-1-phenyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile (Perampanel): A Novel, Noncompetitive α-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropanoic Acid (AMPA) Receptor Antagonist was written by Hibi, Shigeki;Ueno, Koshi;Nagato, Satoshi;Kawano, Koki;Ito, Koichi;Norimine, Yoshihiko;Takenaka, Osamu;Hanada, Takahisa;Yonaga, Masahiro. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2012.Formula: C11H9NO This article mentions the following:

Dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission has been implicated in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and numerous other neurol. diseases. Here the authors describe the discovery of a series of 1,3,5-triaryl-1H-pyridin-2-one derivatives as noncompetitive antagonists of AMPA-type ionotropic glutamate receptors. The structure-activity relationships for this series of compounds were investigated by manipulating individual aromatic rings located at positions 1, 3, and 5 of the pyridone ring. This culminated in the discovery of 2-(2-oxo-1-phenyl-5-pyridin-2-yl-1,2-dihydropyridin-3-yl)benzonitrile (perampanel), a novel, noncompetitive AMPA receptor antagonist that showed potent activity in an in vitro AMPA-induced Ca²⁺ influx assay (IC₅₀ = 60 nM) and in an in vivo AMPA-induced seizure model (min. ED of 2 mg/kg po). Perampanel is currently in regulatory submission for partial-onset seizures associated with epilepsy. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Phenylpyridin-2-ol (cas: 76053-45-7Formula: C11H9NO).

5-Phenylpyridin-2-ol (cas: 76053-45-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Formula: C11H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem