Day: February 3, 2023

Structure-activity studies related to ABT-594, a potent nonopioid analgesic agent: effect of pyridine and azetidine ring substitutions on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding affinity and analgesic activity in mice was written by Holladay, Mark W.;Bai, Hao;Li, Yihong;Lin, Nan-Horng;Daanen, Jerome F.;Ryther, Keith B.;Wasicak, James T.;Kincaid, John F.;He, Yun;Hettinger, Anne-Marie;Huang, Peggy;Anderson, David J.;Bannon, Anthony W.;Buckley, Michael J.;Campbell, Jeffrey E.;Donnelly-Roberts, Diana L.;Gunther, Karen L.;Kim, David J. B.;Kuntzweiler, Theresa A.;Sullivan, James P.;Decker, Michael W.;Arneric, Stephen P.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 1998.COA of Formula: C6H6ClNO This article mentions the following:

Analogs of A-98593 (I) and its enantiomer ABT-594 (II) with diverse substituents on the pyridine ring were prepared and tested for affinity to nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding sites in rat brain and for analgesic activity in the mouse hot plate assay. Numerous types of modifications were consistent with high affinity for [³H]cytisine binding sites. By contrast, only selected modifications resulted in retention of analgesic potency in the same range as I and II. Analogs of II with one or two Me substituents at the 3-position of the azetidine ring also were prepared and substantially less active in both assays. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Chloro-2-methylpyridin-3-ol (cas: 218770-02-6COA of Formula: C6H6ClNO).

6-Chloro-2-methylpyridin-3-ol (cas: 218770-02-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.COA of Formula: C6H6ClNO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Interaction in mixed micellization of sodium N-tetradecanoylsarcosinate with ionic and nonionic surfactants was written by Varade, D.;Bahadur, P.. And the article was included in Journal of Dispersion Science and Technology in 2005.Name: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide This article mentions the following:

The interaction of aqueous binary mixtures of an N-acyl amino acid based anionic surfactant, sodium N-tetradecanoylsarcosinate (C₁₄-sarcosinate), in the presence of cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants was studied by surface tension and viscosity measurements. The cationic surfactants dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB), hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), dodecylpyridinium bromide (DPyB), and hexadecylpyridinium bromide (CPyB), the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 were used. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of pure surfactants and their mixtures were determined by surface tension measurements at different mixed ratios. The interaction parameters that measure the interaction between the surfactant mols. in the mixed micelle were computed by Rubingh’s approach. The viscosity of the mixed systems of C₁₄-sarcosinate with cationic surfactants (having higher chain length) at various mole fractions suggested a growth in mixed micelles with maxima at 0.4 mol fraction of C₁₄-sarcosinate. The mixed micelles remain spherical with SDS and Triton X-100. These changes in viscosities are due to changes in the microstructure of the mixed aggregates. Triton X-100 shows a steep rise in cloud point in the presence of C₁₄-sarcosinate. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Name: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Name: 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

“Pocket dendrimers” as nanoscale receptors for bimolecular guest accommodation was written by Shinoda, Satoshi;Ohashi, Masakazu;Tsukube, Hiroshi. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2007.Application of 1075-62-3 This article mentions the following:

A series of dendrimer receptors was prepared by combining a (tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II) core and benzyl ether type dendritic substituents. Since one direction of the (tetraphenylporphinato)zinc(II) was not substituted by a dendritic residue, the resulting unsym. dendrimers have “pockets” available for access of external substrates. Mol. modeling, NMR measurements, and zinc-coordination experiments revealed that the third-generation dendrimer of this type exhibited characteristic inclusion of coordinative pyridine guests. When diamidopyridine moiety was introduced into the dendrimer pocket, a thymine derivative was bound through complementary hydrogen bonding. Two different kinds of substrates, pyridine and thymine derivatives, were simultaneously accommodated in the nanoscale pocket and bimol. guest accommodation was realized with the designed dendrimer receptor. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide (cas: 1075-62-3Application of 1075-62-3).

N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide (cas: 1075-62-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Application of 1075-62-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Selective C-H Acetoxylation and Hydroxylation Reactions was written by Wu, Yunxiang;Zhou, Bing. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2017.Safety of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine This article mentions the following:

An efficient Cp^*Rh(III)-catalyzed, chelation-assisted C(sp²)-H acetoxylation and hydroxylation reaction has been developed for the first time. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions and allows for selective preparation of C-H acetoxylation and hydroxylation products, thus providing a good complement to previous C-H oxygenation reactions and expanding the field of Cp^*Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H functionalizations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Safety of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Safety of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Surfactant-like behavior and antimicrobial activity of long-chain ionic liquids in aqueous solution was written by Garcia, M. Teresa;Cornellas, Anna;Comelles, Francesc;Ribosa, Isabel;Manresa, Angeles;Perez, Lourdes. And the article was included in Comunicaciones presentadas a las Jornadas del Comite Espanol de la Detergencia in 2011.Safety of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide This article mentions the following:

Two series of long chain imidazolium and pyridinium based ionic liquids (1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium and 1-alkylpyridinium bromides) were synthesized and the effect of the alkyl chain length and the nature of the cationic head group on micellization and antimicrobial activity of the ionic liquids (ILs) were investigated. Tensiometry, conductimetry, spectrofluorimetry and PGSE-NMR were applied to study the self-aggregation of the amphiphilic ILs in aqueous solution The ILs investigated displayed surface activity and the characteristic chain length dependence of the micellization process of surfactants. The antimicrobial activity was evaluated against Gram-neg. and Gram-pos. bacteria and fungi. ILs containing more than 8 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain’ showed antimicrobial activity. Their efficiency as antimicrobial agents increased with the hydrophobicity of the amphiphilic cation being the C₁₄ homologous the most active compounds In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Safety of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Safety of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Adsorption and micellization in solutions of dodecylpyridinium bromide-nonionic surfactant mixtures was written by Kharitonova, T. V.;Ivanova, N. I.;Summ, B. D.. And the article was included in Colloid Journal (Translation of Kolloidnyi Zhurnal) in 2002.Application of 104-73-4 This article mentions the following:

Dependences of the surface tension of aqueous solutions of cationic (dodecylpyridinium bromide) and nonionic (Tween 80, Triton X-100) surfactants and their mixtures on total surfactant concentration and solution composition were studied. The values of critical micellization concentration (CMC) and excess free energy of adsorption were determined from tensiometric measurements. Based on Rubingh-Rosen model (approximation of the theory of regular solutions), the compositions of micelles and adsorption layers at the solution-air interface as well as parameters of interaction between the mols. of cationic and nonionic surfactants were calculated for the systems indicated above. It was established that, in the case of surfactant mixtures with considerable difference in the CMCs, the micelles of individual surfactant with lower CMC value are formed. The effect of neg. deviation from the ideality during the adsorption of surfactants from mixed solutions at the solution-air interface was disclosed. It was shown that the interaction energy depends significantly on the composition of mixed systems. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Application of 104-73-4).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Application of 104-73-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Steric activation in prototropic reactions of pyrazine derivatives. II. The Broensted relation was written by Nagarajan, K.;Lee, T. W. S.;Perkins, R. R.;Stewart, Ross. And the article was included in Canadian Journal of Chemistry in 1986.Recommanded Product: 644-98-4 This article mentions the following:

The rate of deprotonation of the 2-Me group in 1,2,3-trimethylpyrazinium ion by RCO₂^–, aniline, and pyridine bases are determined in D₂O. RCO₂^– containing bulky groups near the reaction center (e.g., o-benzoates) react faster than predicted by the Broensted equation that correlates the reactions of unhindered RCO₂^–. Anilines and pyridines, on the other hand, show conventional steric effects. A tentative explanation for the activation engendered by groups adjacent to the carboxylate center is based on the known effect that high concentrations of organic electrolytes have on the strengths of RCO₂H but not of amines. Since ortho carboxylate ions have their relative basicities increased by an alkyl-rich environment, it is argued that the reactive Me groups of the substrate might provide such an interaction in the transition state. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Recommanded Product: 644-98-4).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Recommanded Product: 644-98-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Potent and Selective α_vβ₃/α_vβ₅ Integrin Dual Inhibitors with Improved Bioavailability. Selection of the Molecular Core was written by Marugan, Juan Jose;Manthey, Carl;Anaclerio, Beth;Lafrance, Lou;Lu, Tianbao;Markotan, Tom;Leonard, Kristi A.;Crysler, Carl;Eisennagel, Stephen;Dasgupta, Malini;Tomczuk, Bruce. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2005.Application of 205676-84-2 This article mentions the following:

A novel series of potent and selective α_vβ₃/α_vβ₅ dual inhibitors was designed, synthesized, and evaluated against several integrins. These compounds were synthesized through a Mitsunobu reaction between the guanidinium mimetics and the corresponding central templates. Guanidinium mimetics with enhanced rigidity [i.e., [(2-pyridinyl)amino]propoxy vs. the 2-(6-methylamino-2-pyridinyl)ethoxy] led to improved activity toward α_vβ₃. Exemplary oral bioavailability in mice was achieved using the indole central scaffold. Although, oral bioavailability was maintained when the indole mol. core was replaced with the bioisosteric benzofuran or benzothiophene ring systems, it was found to not significantly impact the integrin activity or selectivity. However, the indole series displayed the best in vivo pharmacokinetic properties. Thus, the indole series was selected for further structure-activity relationships to obtain more potent α_vβ₃/α_vβ₅ dual antagonist with improved oral bioavailability. The compounds thus prepared and studied included 5-[3-(2-pyridinylamino)propoxy]-1H-indole-1-propanoic acid (I), 5-[2-[6-(methylamino)-2-pyridinyl]ethoxy]-1H-indole-1-propanoic acid, 6-[2-[6-(methylamino)-2-pyridinyl]ethoxy]benzo[b]thiophene-3-propanoic acid (II), and 6-[2-[6-(methylamino)-2-pyridinyl]ethoxy]-3-benzofuranpropanoic acid (III). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl methyl(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 205676-84-2Application of 205676-84-2).

tert-Butyl methyl(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)carbamate (cas: 205676-84-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Application of 205676-84-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Supramolecular structures in oxovanadium(IV) compounds with pyrid-2-one and pyrid-4-one ligands was written by Pesci, Rafaela B. P.;de Souza, Eliseu J.;Niquet, Elke;Nascimento, Otaciro R.;Viana, Rommel B.;Deflon, Victor M.. And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2019.COA of Formula: C5H5NO This article mentions the following:

The aim of this study is to perform an anal. of the spectroscopic and electronic properties of three vanadium(IV) complexes formed from bis(acetylacetonato)oxovanadium(IV) [VO(acac)₂] and pyrid-2-one (2pyon) or pyrid-4-one (4pyon) ligands: [VO(acac)₂(2pyon)] (1), [VO(acac)₂(4pyon)] (2) and [VO(acac)₂(H₂O)]·4pyon (3). In 1 and 2, the pyridone ligand coordinates neutral and monodentate to the vanadium center, with the oxygen atom placed in the axial trans position to the oxo ligand. In 3, the 4pyon ligand remains outside the metal 1st coordination sphere but bound to the aqua ligand through hydrogen bonds that gave a supramol. structure. Also, the D. Functional Theory (DFT) were applied to answer two overarching aspects. First, in complexes 1 and 2, the DFT anal. was used to establish the most stable configuration among the vanadium pyridone complex isomers, comparing the ligand via O-bound pyridone and N-bound hydroxypyridine chelating modes. Second, DFT was also performed to enable understanding of the intermol. interactions between the 4pyon and the [VO(acac)₂(H₂O)] moiety to elucidate the intermol. interactions in 3. Further insights were also obtained by applying the Natural Bond Orbital anal. (NBO) along with a topol. perspective via the use of the Quantum Theory of Atoms in Mols. (QTAIM). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2COA of Formula: C5H5NO).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.COA of Formula: C5H5NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Anthranil: An Aminating Reagent Leading to Bifunctionality for Both C(sp³)-H and C(sp²)-H under Rhodium(III) Catalysis was written by Yu, Songjie;Tang, Guodong;Li, Yingzi;Zhou, Xukai;Lan, Yu;Li, Xingwei. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2016.Reference of 644-98-4 This article mentions the following:

Previous direct C-H nitrogenation suffered from simple amidation/amination with limited atom-economy and is mostly limited to C(sp²)-H substrates. In this work, anthranil was designed as a novel bifunctional aminating reagent for both C(sp²)-H and C(sp³)-H bonds under rhodium(III) catalysis, thus affording a nucleophilic aniline tethered to an electrophilic carbonyl, e. g., I. A tridendate rhodium(III) complex has been isolated as the resting state of the catalyst, and DFT studies established the intermediacy of a nitrene species. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Reference of 644-98-4).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Reference of 644-98-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem