Day: February 3, 2023

Reactions of pyridinium salts and pyridine bases. V. Synthesis of γ-alkoxy-, -alkylmercapto-, and -alkyl-substituted pyridines was written by Vompe, A. F.;Monich, N. V.;Meskhi, L. M.. And the article was included in Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii in 1974.HPLC of Formula: 27876-24-0 This article mentions the following:

4-Phenoxypyridine (I) condensed with NaOR (R = Me, Et, Me2CH, Bu, Me2CHCH2CH2, cyclohexyl, 1-dodecyl) at 110-70° to give the corresponding alkoxypyridines II in 83-97% yields. Similarly, I and NaSR1 (R1 = Et, Pr, Bu, hexyl) gave the (alkylthio)pyridines III. I and R2MgX (R2 = alkyl, isoalkyl, cycloalkyl; X = Br, Cl, iodide) were heated at 115-190° in a N atm. for 3-10 hr to give the alkylpyridines IV. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hexylpyridine (cas: 27876-24-0HPLC of Formula: 27876-24-0).

4-Hexylpyridine (cas: 27876-24-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.HPLC of Formula: 27876-24-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Substitution reactions of 3-hydroxypyridine N-oxide. II. Bromination was written by Lewicka, Krystyna;Plazek, Edwin. And the article was included in Roczniki Chemii in 1966.Related Products of 6602-33-1 This article mentions the following:

The bromination of 3-hydroxypyridine N-oxide (I) in aqueous NaOH led to 2-bromo-3-hydroxypyridine N-oxide (II) or 2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxypyridine N-oxide (III). II was also formed under the action of Br solution in H₂O or C₅H₅N. When treated with Br in alk. solution, II afforded 2,6-dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine N-oxide (IV). Reduction of I bromo derivatives led to the known 3-hydroxypyridine (V) derivatives It was, moreover, found that the bromination of V with an alk. Br solution gave 2-bromo-3-hydroxypyridine (VI). Thus, a solution of 2 g. I in 20 ml. 10% aqueous NaOH was treated dropwise during 30 min. with 1 ml. Br in 20 ml. 10% NaOH. The whole kept 21 hrs. and acidified dropwise under cooling with HCl afforded 1.6 g. II, m. 178-80° (H₂O, alc.). Similarly, bromination of 3.5 g. II in 35 ml. 10% aqueous NaOH with 1.75 ml. Br in 35 ml. 10% NaOH yielded 36% IV, m. 2O4-5° (H₂O). Bromination of 2 g. I with Br water yielded 78% III, m. 136-8° (aqueous alc.). III was also prepared either in 48% yield by bromination of I in C₅H₅N or in 50% yield by bromination of I in 10% aqueous NaOH. A solution of 1 g. V in 10 ml. 10% aqueous NaOH was treated dropwise with 0.6 g. Br in 10 ml. 10% aqueous NaOH and worked up as above to give 0.6 g. VI, m. 185-6° (H₂O). VI was also prepared in 47% yield by reduction of 1.5 g. II in 15 ml. AcOH with 2 g. Fe dust. Similarly, reduction of IV with Fe dust yielded 77% 2,6-dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine, m. 168-9° (H₂O). Reduction of 2 g. III in 20 ml. AcOH at the water bath temperature, during 1 hr., with 2.7 g. Fe dust followed by neutralization to pH 4 with (NH₄)₂CO₃, dilution with 12 ml. H₂O and continuous extraction 12 hrs. with Et₂O, gave 1.5 g. 2,4,6-tribromo-3-hydroxypyridine, m. 91-2° (H₂O). I.HBr, m. 157-8°, was isolated in an attempt at bromination of I with Br in AcOH or aqueous HBr. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine (cas: 6602-33-1Related Products of 6602-33-1).

2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine (cas: 6602-33-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Related Products of 6602-33-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Solvent and substituent effects on the conversion of 4-methoxypyridines to N-methyl-4-pyridones was written by Yi, Xiao;Chen, Jing;Xu, Xiuling;Ma, Yongmin. And the article was included in Synthetic Communications in 2017.Computed Properties of C7H9NO This article mentions the following:

In the reaction of 4-methoxypyridine derivatives with alkyl iodides in the presence or absence of solvent, not only the pyridinium ions but also the related 1-methylpyridones are produced. The presence of solvent favors the formation of the 1-methylpyridone. Electron withdrawing groups on the pyridine ring also favor this conversion. A possible mechanism is presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Methoxy-2-methylpyridine (cas: 24103-75-1Computed Properties of C7H9NO).

4-Methoxy-2-methylpyridine (cas: 24103-75-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Computed Properties of C7H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Tetrahydroindazole inhibitors of CDK2/cyclin complexes was written by Lee, Jae Chul;Hong, Kwon Ho;Becker, Andreas;Tash, Joseph S.;Schonbrunn, Ernst;Georg, Gunda I.. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2021.Synthetic Route of C6H3BrF3N This article mentions the following:

Over 50 tetrahydroindazoles I [R = 2-pyridyl, thiazol-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, etc.] were synthesized after I [R = 2-pyridyl] was identified as a hit compound in a high throughput screen for inhibition of CDK2 in complex with cyclin A. The activity of the most promising analogs was evaluated by inhibition of CDK2 enzyme complexes with various cyclins. Analogs I [R = thiazol-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl] showed 3-fold better binding affinity for CDK2 and 2- to 10-fold improved inhibitory activity against CDK2/cyclin A1, E, and O compared to screening hit 3. The data from the enzyme and binding assays indicate that the binding of the analogs to a CDK2/cyclin complex is favored over binding to free CDK2. Computational anal. was used to predict a potential binding site at the CDK2/cyclin E1 interface. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (cas: 175205-82-0Synthetic Route of C6H3BrF3N).

2-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (cas: 175205-82-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Synthetic Route of C6H3BrF3N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Biocompatible and low-cost pyridinium halides catalysts promoted ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic esters in bulk was written by Wang, Haixin;Yao, Zhiwei;Li, Zhenjiang;Zhu, Yuejia;Zhang, Chan;Luo, Zikun;Guo, Tianfo;Gao, Yu;Zhang, Lei;Guo, Kai. And the article was included in European Polymer Journal in 2020.HPLC of Formula: 628-13-7 This article mentions the following:

Polyesters produced by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of cyclic monomers using organocatalysts were well developed in academia. Industrially viable ROPs were polymerizations at elevated temperatures in the bulk, thus desirable features of useful organocatalysts would be thermal stable, reasonably active in fast polymerization but mild enough to avoid transesterification. More importantly, the polyesters containing residue organocatalyst should met biosafety regulations. In these regards, series of pyridinium halides readily prepared by one step from mass-produced pyridines and hydrohalic acids were evaluated in ROPs of L-lactide (LLA), trimethylene carbonate (TMC), δ-valerolactone, and ε-caprolactone in the bulk. An optimal catalyst 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine hydrochloride (DMAP·HCl) was examined in the catalytic performances in ROPs of LLA, TMC, and diblock copolymerization affording PTMC-b-PLLA. Bulk ROP of LLA at 140 °C produced PLLAs by near quant. conversions with precise mol. weights (M_n,NMR = 3.3-16.6 kg mol^-1) and narrow dispersities (D = 1.13-1.17). Kinetics data, chain extension experiments, and MALDI-ToF MS anal. all supported the controlled/living nature of the ROPs. A bifunctional activation mechanism in which pyridinium activated the monomer and halide activated the initiator/chain end was proposed and validated by ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR titrations Poly(L-lactide) samples prepared by bulk ROPs of LLA that containing residue catalyst DMAP·HCl were tested by MTT assay in L929 mouse fibroblasts in vitro. High level of relative growth rate (RGR 93.6-96.8%) revealed favorable biosafety of the sample PLLAs. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7HPLC of Formula: 628-13-7).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. HPLC of Formula: 628-13-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In silico cytotoxicity estimation of ionic liquids based on their two- and three-dimensional structural descriptors was written by Fatemi, Mohammad H.;Izadiyan, Parisa. And the article was included in Monatshefte fuer Chemie in 2011.SDS of cas: 125652-55-3 This article mentions the following:

The cytotoxicity of a series of ionic liquids containing ammonium, pyrrolidinium, imidazolium, pyridinium, and piperidinium cations against leukemia rat cell line IPC-81 was estimated from their structural parameters using quant. structure-activity relationship methodol. Linear and nonlinear models were developed using genetic algorithm multiple linear regression and multilayer perceptron neural network approaches. Robustness and reliability of the constructed models were evaluated by internal, external, and Y-randomization procedures. Furthermore, the chem. applicability domain was determined via a leverage approach for each model. The results of this study revealed that the contribution of structural characteristics of the anionic parts of the studied ILs were fewer than of the cationic parts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3SDS of cas: 125652-55-3).

1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.SDS of cas: 125652-55-3

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Dictating Nanoparticle Assembly via Systems-Level Control of Molecular Multivalency was written by Santos, Peter J.;Cao, Zhen;Zhang, Jianyuan;Alexander-Katz, Alfredo;Macfarlane, Robert J.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:

Nanoparticle assembly can be controlled by multivalent binding interactions between surface ligands, indicating that more precise control over these interactions is important to design complex nanoscale architectures. It has been well-established in natural materials that the arrangement of different mol. species in three dimensions can affect the ability of individual supramol. units to coordinate their binding, thereby regulating the strength and specificity of their collective mol. interactions. However, in artificial systems, limited examples exist that quant. demonstrate how changes in nanoscale geometry can be used to rationally modulate the thermodn. of individual mol. binding interactions. As a result, the use of nanoscale design features to regulate mol. bonding remains an underutilized design handle to control nanomaterials synthesis. Here we demonstrate a polymer-coated nanoparticle material where supramol. bonding and nanoscale structure are used in conjunction to dictate the thermodn. of their multivalent interactions, resulting in emergent bundling of supramol. binding groups that would not be expected on the basis of the mol. structures alone. Addnl., we show that these emergent phenomena can controllably alter the superlattice symmetry by using the mesoscale particle arrangement to alter the thermodn. of the supramol. bonding behavior. The ability to rationally program mol. multivalency via a systems-level approach therefore provides a major step forward in the assembly of complex artificial structures, with implications for future designs of both nanoparticle- and supramol.-based materials. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide (cas: 1075-62-3Category: pyridine-derivatives).

N-(6-Aminopyridin-2-yl)acetamide (cas: 1075-62-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Platinum-Catalyzed Double Acylation of 2-(Aryloxy)pyridines via Direct C-H Activation was written by McAteer, Donald C.;Javed, Erman;Huo, Lily;Huo, Shouquan. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2017.Application In Synthesis of 2-Phenoxypyridine This article mentions the following:

A unique, platinum-catalyzed, direct C-H acylation of 2-(aryloxy)pyridines with acyl chlorides is discovered. The reaction requires neither an oxidant nor other additives. When both ortho positions of the aryl group are accessible, the double acylation occurs readily to produce the diacylated products. Aliphatic, aromatic, and α,β-unsaturated acyl groups can all be introduced. The acylation reaction may proceed through an analogous aromatic electrophilic substitution triggered by the nucleophilic attack of the platinum at the acyl chloride. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Application In Synthesis of 2-Phenoxypyridine).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Application In Synthesis of 2-Phenoxypyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Aryne Trifunctionalization Enabled by 3-Silylaryne as a 1,2-Benzdiyne Equivalent was written by Lv, Chunjie;Wan, Caiwen;Liu, Song;Lan, Yu;Li, Yang. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2018.Reference of 3718-65-8 This article mentions the following:

An unprecedented aryne 1,2,3-trifunctionalization protocol from 2,6-bis(silyl)aryl triflates was developed under transition-metal-free conditions. The reaction of generated 3-silylaryne with both pyridine N-oxide and N-hydroxylamide afforded o-silyl triflate/tosylate in a one-pot transformation, allowing the formation of 2,3-aryne precursors with various vicinal pyridinyl/amido substituents. These pyridinyl-substituted 2,3-aryne intermediates exhibit a broad scope of reactivity with diverse arynophiles in good yields and high selectivity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Reference of 3718-65-8).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Reference of 3718-65-8

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Subcomponent Self-Assembly of a 4 nm M₄L₆ Tetrahedron with Zn^II Vertices and Perylene Bisimide Dye Edges was written by Frischmann, Peter D.;Kunz, Valentin;Stepanenko, Vladimir;Wuerthner, Frank. And the article was included in Chemistry – A European Journal in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde This article mentions the following:

Formation of a tetrahedron with >4 nm perylene bisimide (PBI) dye edges and Zn^II vertexes in a 1-pot 22 component self-assembly reaction is reported. The luminescent polyhedron equilibrates to a Zn₂L₃ helicate and disassembles upon dilution Insights into the subcomponent self-assembly of extended PBI ligands help to refine design rules for constructing large photofunctional metallosupramol. hosts. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde (cas: 1073354-14-9Application In Synthesis of 5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde).

5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde (cas: 1073354-14-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Application In Synthesis of 5-(4,4,5,5-Tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)picolinaldehyde

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem