Day: February 9, 2023

Rationalizations among heterocyclic partition coefficients. Part 2: The azines was written by Lewis, Susan J.;Mirrlees, Margaret S.;Taylor, Peter J.. And the article was included in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in 1983.Recommanded Product: 4783-68-0 This article mentions the following:

π-Values (partition substituent constants) of 246 azines are given and discussed in terms of Δπ, the difference in π-value from that expected for C₆H₆. It is shown that Δπ is close to zero for alkyl and most halogen groups, but for polar substituents capable of H bonding it may be as high as φ1.6. Except for peri-positions, these Δπ-values may be correlated by a set of equations specific for different types of substituent position and containing terms which sep. parameterize proton-donor and -acceptor ability. The rationale behind this treatment is justified in terms of the nature of the octanol-H₂O partitioning process and the manner in which electronic effects are expected to operate, in this context and that of the individual mol. Other topics discussed include: reasons for deviations among “irregular” substituents; the special problems of peri-positions; multisubstitution; and some consequences of this anal. for other types of compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Recommanded Product: 4783-68-0).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Recommanded Product: 4783-68-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Discovery, synthesis and characterization of a series of (1-alkyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-(5-aryl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)acetamides as novel GIRK1/2 potassium channel activators was written by Sharma, Swagat;Kozek, Krystian A.;Abney, Kristopher K.;Kumar, Sushil;Gautam, Nagsen;Alnouti, Yazen;David Weaver, C.;Hopkins, Corey R.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Electric Literature of C6H3FN2 This article mentions the following:

The study described the discovery and characterization of a series of 5-aryl-2H-tetrazol-3-yl acetamides as G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels activators. Working from an initial hit discovered during a high-throughput screening campaign, a tetrazole scaffold was identified that shifts away from the previously reported urea-based scaffolds while remaining effective GIRK1/2 channel activators. In addition, the compounds were evaluated in Tier 1 DMPK assays and identified a (3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide head group that imparts interesting and unexpected microsomal stability compared to previously-reported pyrazole head groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Fluoropicolinonitrile (cas: 3939-15-9Electric Literature of C6H3FN2).

6-Fluoropicolinonitrile (cas: 3939-15-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Electric Literature of C6H3FN2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Azaindoles: Chemo- and Enantioselective Reduction of Fused Aromatic Ring Systems Consisting of Two Heteroarenes was written by Makida, Yusuke;Saita, Masahiro;Kuramoto, Takahiro;Ishizuka, Kentaro;Kuwano, Ryoichi. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2016.Recommanded Product: 257937-08-9 This article mentions the following:

High enantioselectivity was achieved for the hydrogenation of azaindoles by using the chiral catalyst, which was prepared from [Ru(η³-methallyl)₂(cod)] and a trans-chelating bis(phosphine) ligand (PhTRAP). The dearomative reaction exclusively occurred on the five-membered ring, thus giving the corresponding azaindolines with up to 97:3 enantiomer ratio. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl (3-bromopyridin-4-yl)carbamate (cas: 257937-08-9Recommanded Product: 257937-08-9).

tert-Butyl (3-bromopyridin-4-yl)carbamate (cas: 257937-08-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Recommanded Product: 257937-08-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Nitrogen-Containing Arenes with Alkynes: An Atom-Economical Route to Heterocyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts was written by Prakash, Sekar;Muralirajan, Krishnamoorthy;Cheng, Chien-Hong. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2016.Related Products of 4373-61-9 This article mentions the following:

Four cobalt-catalyzed oxidative annulation reactions of nitrogen-containing arenes with alkynes proceeds by C-H activation, thus leading to biol. useful quaternary ammonium salts, including pyridoisoquinolinium, cinnolinium, isoquinolinium, and quinolizinium salts, in high yields. The results are comparable to those reactions catalyzed by rhodium and ruthenium complexes. The transformation of the salts into various N-heterocycles has also been demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Related Products of 4373-61-9).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Related Products of 4373-61-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Ligand-Promoted Meta-C-H Arylation of Anilines, Phenols, and Heterocycles was written by Wang, Peng;Farmer, Marcus E.;Huo, Xing;Jain, Pankaj;Shen, Peng-Xiang;Ishoey, Mette;Bradner, James E.;Wisniewski, Steven R.;Eastgate, Martin D.;Yu, Jin-Quan. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2016.Quality Control of (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester This article mentions the following:

The authors report the development of a versatile 3-acetylamino-2-hydroxypyridine class of ligands that promote meta-C-H arylation of anilines, heterocyclic aromatic amines, phenols, and 2-benzyl heterocycles using norbornene as a transient mediator. More than 120 examples are presented, demonstrating this ligand scaffold enables a wide substrate and coupling partner scope. Meta-C-H arylation with heterocyclic aryl iodides as coupling partners is also realized for the first time using this ligand. The utility for this transformation for drug discovery is showcased by allowing the meta-C-H arylation of a lenalidomide derivative The first steps toward a silver-free protocol for this reaction are also demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (cas: 209798-48-1Quality Control of (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester).

(2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester (cas: 209798-48-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Quality Control of (2-Chloro-pyridin-3-yl)-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A facile synthesis of bromo-2-alkoxypyridines was written by Shiao, Min Jen;Tarng, Kai Yih. And the article was included in Heterocycles in 1990.HPLC of Formula: 13472-81-6 This article mentions the following:

Several bromo-2-methoxypyridines and bromo-2-(benzyloxy)pyridines were synthesized by the reaction of bromo-substituted 2-pyridones with alkyl halides in the presence of Ag₂CO₃ in benzene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxypyridine (cas: 13472-81-6HPLC of Formula: 13472-81-6).

3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxypyridine (cas: 13472-81-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.HPLC of Formula: 13472-81-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Measurement and correlation on solubility of acetaminophen in aqueous solutions of 1-octyl-3-methyl imidazolium bromide, 1-butyl-4-methyl pyridinium bromide and 1-octyl-4-methyl pyridinium bromide was written by Mehrdad, Abbas;Taeb, Sara;Ehsani-Tabar, Sahar;Hossein Miri, Amir. And the article was included in Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics in 2020.Electric Literature of C10H16BrN This article mentions the following:

Aqueous solubility of acetaminophen in the presence of 1-octyl-3-Me imidazolium bromide, 1-butyl-4-Me pyridinium bromide and 1-octyl-4-Me pyridinium bromide ionic liquid, as co-solvent was investigated at different temperatures and mass fraction of ionic liquid The obtained results reveal that the solubility of acetaminophen was increased by increasing temperature and concentration of ionic liquid Solubility of ACP was significantly increased when mass fraction of 1-octyl-3-Me imidazolium bromide and 1-octyl-4-Me pyridinium bromide reaches to more than 0.05. The possible reasons behind enhanced solubility of ACP in aqueous solution of ionic liquid are hydrophobic interaction and the formed micelles by cations of ionic liquid Thermodn. functions of dissolution were calculated by Van’t Hoff equation. The exptl. solubility of acetaminophen was correlated with the modified Wilson and the electrolyte-NRTL models as activity coefficient model. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 65350-59-6Electric Literature of C10H16BrN).

1-Butyl-4-methylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 65350-59-6) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Electric Literature of C10H16BrN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of a mononuclear Fe(II) Schiff base complex with photocatalytic activity in Trigonella was written by Mahapatra, Kalyan;Ghosh, Ayon Kanti;De, Sayanti;Ghosh, Noyel;Sadhukhan, Pritam;Chatterjee, Sharmistha;Ghosh, Rajarshi;Sil, Parames C.;Roy, Sujit. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects in 2020.Related Products of 91-02-1 This article mentions the following:

In recent times, coordination complexes of iron in various oxidation states along with variety of ligand systems have been designed and developed for effective treatment of cancer cells without adversely affecting the normal cell and tissues of various organs. In this study, we have evaluated the mechanism of action of a Fe(II) Schiff base complex in the crop plant Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) as the screening system by using morphol., cytol., biochem. and mol. approaches. Further functional characterization was performed using MCF-7 cell line and solid tumor model for the assessment of anti-tumor activity of the complex. Our results indicate efficiency of the Fe(II) Schiff base complex in the induction of double strand breaks in DNA. Complex treatment clearly induced cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in Trigonella seedlings. The Fe-complex treatment caused cell cycle arrest via the activation of ATM-ATR kinase mediated DNA damage response pathway with the compromised expression of CDK1, CDK2 and CyclinB1 protein in Trigonella seedlings. In cultured MCF-7 cells, the complex induces cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation through intracellular ROS generation. Fe-complex treatment inhibited tumor growth in solid tumor model with no addnl. side effects. The growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of the complex result from activation of DNA damage response along with oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest. Overall, our results have provided comprehensive information on the mechanism of action and efficacy of a Fe(II) Schiff base complex in higher eukaryotic genomes and indicated its future implications as potential therapeutic agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1Related Products of 91-02-1).

Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Related Products of 91-02-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The mechanism of sonochemical degradation of a cationic surfactant in aqueous solution was written by Singla, Ritu;Grieser, Franz;Ashokkumar, Muthupandian. And the article was included in Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 2010.Recommanded Product: 104-73-4 This article mentions the following:

The sonochem. degradation of the cationic surfactant, laurylpyridinium chloride (LPC), in water was studied at concentrations of 0.1-0.6 mM, all below its critical micelle concentration (15 mM). It has been found that the initial step in the degradation of LPC occurs primarily by a pyrolysis pathway. Chem. anal. of sonicated solutions by gas chromatog., electrospray mass spectrometry, and high performance liquid chromatog. reveals that a broad range of decomposition products, hydrocarbon gases and water-soluble species, are produced. Propionamide and acetamide were identified as two of the degradation intermediates and probably formed as the result of the opening of the pyridinium ring following OH radical addition Most of the LPC is eventually converted into carboxylic acids. The complete mineralization of these carboxylic acids by sonolysis is however a comparatively slow process due to the hydrophilic nature of these low mol. weight products. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Recommanded Product: 104-73-4).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Recommanded Product: 104-73-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Diazotization and diazo reactions of 2-aminopyridine was written by Chichibabin, A. E.. And the article was included in J. Russ. Phys.-Chem. Soc. in 1920.Synthetic Route of C11H9NO This article mentions the following:

Attempts made to introduce the C₅H₅N nucleus into organic compounds by the Grignard reaction on 2-bromo- and 2-iodopyridine failed; the preparation of these substances from Na 2-pyridineisodiazoxide (C. A. 10, 2898) has been improved and is described. Successful results are, however, obtained by the interaction of the latter substance with phenol. After removing phenol, etc., 3 substances are obtained, one of which may be readily separated owing to its insolubility in alkali hydroxides. This consists of 2-phenoxypyridine, b. 277-.5°, m. 46-8°, possessing an odor reminiscent of Ph₂O; the orange chloroplatinate, m. 175-7°, and the picrate were also prepared The 2 compounds soluble in alkali are isomeric pyridylphenols, and may be separated by crystallization from C₆H₆. The less soluble compound seps. in white leaflets or thick, lustrous, hexagonal plates containing a mol. of C₆H₆ of crystallization; after removing the latter it m. 159-60° and is readily soluble both in dilute acids and alkalies, being precipitated from the latter by CO₂. It is probably p-2-pyridylphenol. The HCl salt, m. 215-8°; the chloroplatinate, orange-yellow, m. 210-1.5° (decomposition), while the sparingly soluble picrate, m. 202-3°. The 2nd, more soluble pyridylphenol is probably o-2-pyridylphenol, and is obtained in large, greenish yellow prisms, m. 56°; it is less soluble in alc. than the preceding compound and its phenolic properties are less marked; the yellow color may perhaps be due to a quinonoid structure. The HCl salt is obtained in a hydrated form, colorless prisms, m. 56°, which lose water in a desiccator, the anhydrous substance m. 167-70°. The chloroplatinate, softens at 227-8°. The picrate, yellow, m. 174°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Synthetic Route of C11H9NO).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Synthetic Route of C11H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem