Day: February 9, 2023

Reaction of aromatic N-oxides with dipolarophiles. XV. Formation of the 1,5-sigmatropy products and their double ene reaction products was written by Matsuoka, Toshikazu;Ono, Kikuma;Harano, Kazunobu;Hisano, Takuzo. And the article was included in Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin in 1991.Related Products of 3718-65-8 This article mentions the following:

The pericyclic reaction of 3,5-dimethylpyridine N-oxide with maleimides I ( R = Bu, Ph, substituted Ph) gave furopyridine cycloadducts II formed by the 1,5-sigmatropic rearrangement of the primary exo-cycloadducts. The mol. structure of II (R = Bu) was determined the by the x-ray crystallog. method. In the reaction of 2-alkylpyridine N-oxides III ( R¹ = 3-, 5-Me, 5-Et) with N-substituted maleimides, a series of 1:3 ene reaction products of the type IV (R = Ph, substituted Ph, Bu) were obtained. The primary exo-cycloadducts readily transform into the endo-1,5-sigmatropic rearrangement products, which again react with two mols. of N-substituted maleimide to give the 1:3 ene reaction products. The observed reaction behavior and plausible reaction pathways are discussed in terms of frontier MO considerations. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8Related Products of 3718-65-8).

3,5-Dimethylpyridine 1-oxide (cas: 3718-65-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Related Products of 3718-65-8

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Molecular interactions in binary surfactant solutions: effect of ionic counterpart was written by Kochkodan, Olga;Slobodianiuk, Nataliya;Kovshun, Lidiya;Khyzhan, Olena. And the article was included in Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society in 2020.Product Details of 104-73-4 This article mentions the following:

The effect of intermol. interactions on processes of micelle formation and adsorption in binary mixtures of non-ionic Triton X100 (TX100) with ionic sodium dodecyl sulfate and dodecylpyridinium bromide surfactants was studied. The ionic surfactants have identical hydrophobic alkyl chain and different hydrophilic groups. A feature of the used binary surfactant mixtures is that critical micelle concentrations and surface activity of the individual components are considerably different. A synergetic effect of decreasing of the surface tension was found in the surfactant mixtures It was shown that the mixed adsorption layers and the micellar phases are enriched with the nonionic surfactant. For both sodium dodecyl sulfate/TX100 and dodecylpyridinium bromide/TX100 systems, the synergetic effects were most pronounced at a high molar fraction of the nonionic surfactants in the mixture By using the Ruben-Rosen model, mol. interaction parameters in the mixed micelles βm, and in the adsorption layers βσ were evaluated. As was shown βm and βσ parameters to be notably higher for sodium dodecyl sulfate/TX100 mixture In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Product Details of 104-73-4).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Product Details of 104-73-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Direct Electrochemistry of Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized in a Low Molecular Weight Gel was written by Hu, Yan;Sun, Yanwen;Lu, Lu;Huang, Xirong. And the article was included in Chinese Journal of Chemistry in 2014.Application of 104-73-4 This article mentions the following:

The ternary system of dodecylpyridinium bromide (DDPB)/acetone/H₂O with appropriate composition can form a gel spontaneously and the gel is stable in hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([Bmim]PF₆). Based on the gelation phenomenon we observed, the low mol. weight gelator (LMWG) was first tried to immobilize horseradish peroxidase (HRP) on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images, the UV-Vis spectra and the bioactivity measurement indicate that the gel is suitable for the immobilization of HRP. The direct electrochem. of the HRP-gel modified GCE (HRP-gel/GCE) in [Bmim]PF₆ shows a pair of well-defined and quasi-reversible redox peaks with the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k_s) being 14.4 s^-1, indicating that the direct electron transfer between HRP and GCE is fast. The HRP-gel/GCE is stable and reproducible. Also the electrode exhibits good electrocatalytic effect on the reduction of trichloroacetic acid (TCA), showing good promise in bioelectrocatalysis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Application of 104-73-4).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Application of 104-73-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A new 2D Hg^II coordination polymer containing novel coordination mode of 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (bpo) ligand, [Hg(μ-bpo)₂(N₃)₂]_n: Spectroscopic, thermal, fluorescence and structural studies was written by Atoub, Najmeh;Mahmoudi, Ghodrat;Morsali, Ali. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry Communications in 2007.Reference of 15420-02-7 This article mentions the following:

A new two-dimensional Hg^II coordination polymer containing 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (bpo) and azide anions, [Hg(μ-bpo)₂(N₃)₂]_n, was synthesized and characterized by elemental anal., IR-, ¹H NMR-, ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and structurally determined by x-ray single-crystal diffraction. The thermal stability of [Hg(μ-bpo)₂(N₃)₂]_n was studied by thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA). The single-crystal x-ray data shows that ligand bpo is bridged via one pyridyl N and one oxadiazole N atom, as a novel coordination mode of the ligand bpo. Also, the ligand and complex are luminescent in the solid state, with emission maxima in the visible light region (λ_max = 470 nm for both bpo and [Hg(μ-bpo)₂(N₃)₂]_n). In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7Reference of 15420-02-7).

2,5-Di(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (cas: 15420-02-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Reference of 15420-02-7

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Facile synthesis of 4-substituted pyridines using Grignard reagents was written by Akiba, Kinya;Iseki, Yuji;Wada, Makoto. And the article was included in Tetrahedron Letters in 1982.Quality Control of 4-Hexylpyridine This article mentions the following:

Reaction of N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)pyridinium triflate (I) with Grignard reagents gave 4-substituted 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives with ≳99% regioselectivity; on oxidation with O these readily gave 4-substituted pyridines in 58-70% yield. E.g., treatment of I with BuMgBr in THF at room temperature under N for 2-3 h followed by bubbling O through the mixture gave 79% 4-butylpyridine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hexylpyridine (cas: 27876-24-0Quality Control of 4-Hexylpyridine).

4-Hexylpyridine (cas: 27876-24-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Quality Control of 4-Hexylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed diverse [4+1] annulation of arenes with 1,3-enynes via sp³/sp² C-H activation and 1,4-rhodium migration was written by Bai, Dachang;Xia, Jintao;Song, Fangfang;Li, Xueyan;Liu, Bingxian;Liu, Lihong;Zheng, Guangfan;Yang, Xifa;Sun, Jiaqiong;Li, Xingwei. And the article was included in Chemical Science in 2019.Application of 4373-61-9 This article mentions the following:

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed sp² and sp³ C-H activation-oxidative annulations between aromatic substrates and 1,3-enynes, where alkenyl-to-allyl 1,4-rhodium(III) migration enabled the generation of electrophilic rhodium(III) π-allyls via remote C-H functionalization are described. Subsequent nucleophilic trapping of these species by various sp²-hybridized N-nucleophiles delivered three classes (external salts, inner salts, and neutral azacycles) of five-membered azacycles bearing a tetrasubstituted saturated carbon center, as a result of [4+1] annulation with the alkyne being a one-carbon synthon. All the reactions proceeded under relatively mild conditions with broad substrate scope, high efficiency, and excellent regioselectivity. The synthetic applications of this protocol have also been demonstrated, and exptl. studies have been performed to support the proposed mechanism. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Application of 4373-61-9).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Application of 4373-61-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with π-deficient heteroaryl chlorides was written by Ali, Naji M.;McKillop, Alexander;Mitchell, Michael B.;Rebelo, Ricardo A.;Wallbank, Philip J.. And the article was included in Tetrahedron in 1992.Synthetic Route of C11H9NO This article mentions the following:

The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of arylboronic acids with a variety of π-deficient heteroaryl chlorides proceed in high yield. [1,4-Bis(diphenylphosphino)butane)palladium(II) dichloride [Pd(dppb)Cl₂] was found to be a very satisfactory catalyst for monocyclic heteroaryl chlorides, whereas tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) [Pd(Ph₃)₄] was found to be excellent for a range of chloroquinoline derivatives Thus, the Pd(dppb)Cl₂-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of PhB(OH)₃ with 3-chloropyridine gave 71% arylpyridine I, whereas the Pd(Ph₃)₄-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of PhB(OH)₃ with 2-chloroquinoline gave 96% arylquinoline II. The Pd(dppb)Cl₂-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction of (2-PrOC₆H₄)B(OH)₂ with 2-chloropyrimidine gave 98% arylpyrimidine III. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Phenylpyridin-2-ol (cas: 76053-45-7Synthetic Route of C11H9NO).

5-Phenylpyridin-2-ol (cas: 76053-45-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Synthetic Route of C11H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Degree of counterion binding of alkylpyridinium halide micelles: its relation to micelle shape and size was written by Fujio, Katsuhiko;Maruyama, Yasuhide;Uzu, Yuhei. And the article was included in Journal of Oleo Science in 2005.Electric Literature of C17H30BrN This article mentions the following:

From electromotive force measurements with surfactant and halide ion-selective electrodes, the authors obtained the degree of counterion binding (β) of dodecylpyridinium bromide (DPB) and iodide (DPI) and tetradecylpyridinium bromide (TPB) micelles in aqueous Na halide solutions with concentrations of 0-20 mM. Under a geometrical consideration the micelle shapes and the surface densities of head group (s^-1) of these micelles were deduced from aggregation numbers evaluated from their relations to the added salt concentration previously reported. The spherical micelles of TPB having the shape of an oblate ellipsoid had a constant β, 0.76, independently of s^-1. In the case of the spherical micelles of DPB, β is 0.79 for sphere-shaped micelles and 0.82 for ellipsoidal ones. For DPI the authors obtained β values of 0.84 and 0.99 for the spherical micelles with the shape of an oblate ellipsoid and the rodlike micelles, resp. From these dependences of β on micelle shape and s^-1, β of micelles studied increases in the order of sphere-shaped < oblately ellipsoidal < rodlike micelles but is independent of the micelle size unless the micelle shape changes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Electric Literature of C17H30BrN).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Electric Literature of C17H30BrN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Photoredox-catalyzed branch-selective pyridylation of alkenes for the expedient synthesis of Triprolidine was written by Zhu, Shengqing;Qin, Jian;Wang, Fang;Li, Huan;Chu, Lingling. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2019.Quality Control of 2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile This article mentions the following:

A catalytic, branch-selective pyridylation of alkenes via a sulfinate assisted photoredox catalysis was reported. This reaction proceeded through a sequential radical addition/coupling/elimination, by utilizing readily available sodium sulfinates as reusable radical precursors as well as traceless elimination groups. This versatile protocol allows for the installation of important vinylpyridines with complete branched selectivity under mild conditions. Furthermore, this catalytic manifold was successfully applied to the expedient synthesis of Triprolidine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile (cas: 3939-14-8Quality Control of 2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile).

2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile (cas: 3939-14-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Quality Control of 2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Core Level Shifts of Hydrogenated Pyridinic and Pyrrolic Nitrogen in the Nitrogen-Containing Graphene-Based Electrocatalysts: In-Plane vs. Edge Defects was written by Matanovic, Ivana;Artyushkova, Kateryna;Strand, Matthew B.;Dzara, Michael J.;Pylypenko, Svitlana;Atanassov, Plamen. And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry C in 2016.Computed Properties of C5H6ClN This article mentions the following:

A combination of N 1s XPS and 1st principles calculations of N-containing model electrocatalysts was used to elucidate the nature of the N defects that contribute to the binding energy (BE) range of the N 1s XPS spectra of these materials ≳400 eV. Exptl. core level shifts were obtained for a set of model materials, N-doped C nanospheres, Fe-N-C nanospheres, polypyrrole, polypyridine, and pyridinium chloride, and were compared to the shifts calculated using d. functional theory. The broad peak positioned at ∼400.7 eV in the N 1s XPS spectra of N-containing catalysts, which is typically assigned to pyrrolic N, contains contributions from other hydrogenated N species such as hydrogenated pyridinic functionalities. Namely, N 1s BEs of hydrogenated pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N were calculated as 400.6 and 400.7 eV, resp., using the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof exchange-correlation functional. A special emphasis was placed on the study of the differences in the XPS imprint of N-containing defects that are situated in the plane and on the edges of the graphene sheet. D. functional theory calculations for BEs of the N 1s of in-plane and edge defects show that hydrogenated N defects are more sensitive to the change in the chem. environment in the C matrix than the nonhydrogenated N defects. Calculations also show that edge-hydrogenated pyridinic-N and pyrrolic-N defects only contribute to the N 1s XPS peak located at ∼400.7 eV if the graphene edges are oxygenated or terminated with bare C atoms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Computed Properties of C5H6ClN).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Computed Properties of C5H6ClN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem