Day: February 9, 2023

Anion-Controlled Cation-Exchange Process: Intercalating α-Titanium Phosphate through Direct Ion Exchange with Alkylammonium Salts was written by Wang, Chunyang;Cheng, Qingyan;Wang, Yanji. And the article was included in Inorganic Chemistry in 2018.Formula: C5H6ClN This article mentions the following:

Several alkylammonium salts were used in the study of α-titanium phosphate (α-TiP) intercalation chem. The characterization results demonstrated that the expected intercalation by direct ion exchange could be successfully achieved without any addition of an extra amine substance. The authors’ findings are different from the current opinion that by the ion-exchange method, without the assistance of bases, large cations are difficult to exchange into the narrow interlayer space of α-tetravalent metal phosphate directly because of the small interlayer distance. Studies found that alkylammonium cations, for example, n-butylammonium cation, could be directly exchanged into the interlayer space merely by choosing salts with appropriate anions such as phosphate, phosphite, sulfite, citrate, and malate ions. In the case of phosphates, besides n-butylammonium, the exchange of n-hexylammonium, cyclohexylammonium, and pyridinium with interlayer protons was studied and successfully accomplished as well. The uptake values for these four cations were 0.420, 0.595, 0.571, and 0.335 g/g, resp. A mechanism study revealed that although the relevant exchange reaction seemed only to involve the proton of α-TiP and the alkylammonium cation of the salt, the strength of the conjugate acid of the anion from the salt-the counterion-was proven to be the key factor in this process. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Formula: C5H6ClN).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Formula: C5H6ClN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Metabolomics analysis of freeze-thaw tolerance enhancement mechanism of ε-poly-L-lysine on industrial yeast was written by Lu, Lu;Zhu, Ke-Xue;Yang, Zhen;Guo, Xiao-Na;Xing, Jun-Jie. And the article was included in Food Chemistry in 2022.COA of Formula: C5H5NO This article mentions the following:

Antimicrobial polycationic peptide ε-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) enhanced the freeze-thaw tolerance of industrial yeast; the enhancement mechanism of ε-PL on yeast was studied. The results showed that a ε-PL coating was observed in ε-PL-treated yeast. After 4 times of freeze-thaw, the cell viability, glycerol content, and CO2 production of 0.6 mg/mL ε-PL-treated yeast were higher than those of untreated yeast, specifically, the cell viability of ε-PL-treated yeast was 87.6%, and that of untreated yeast was 68.5%. Metabolomic results showed that the enhancement mechanism of ε-PL on yeast was related to the promotion of cell membrane-related fatty acid synthesis pathways before freeze-thaw treatment, and the promotion of biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathways after freeze-thaw. Furthermore, ε-PL induced inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, resulting in a longer stationary phase at the beginning of the freeze-thaw and ultimately providing a higher level of freeze-thaw stress tolerance than untreated yeast. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2COA of Formula: C5H5NO).

Pyridin-4-ol (cas: 626-64-2) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.COA of Formula: C5H5NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

New synthesis of 2,3,6-trihydroxypyridine was written by Krowicki, Krzysztof. And the article was included in Roczniki Chemii in 1977.Recommanded Product: 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine This article mentions the following:

The K salt of 2,6-dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine was treated with PhCH₂Cl to give 3-benzyloxy-2,6-dibromopyridine which was further reacted with PhCH₂ONa to give 2,3,6-tribenzyloxypyridine (I) in 47% yield. I was treated with H on Pd-BaSO₄ in Ac₂O to give 2,3,6-triacetoxypyridine. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine (cas: 6602-33-1Recommanded Product: 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine).

2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine (cas: 6602-33-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Recommanded Product: 2,6-Dibromo-3-hydroxypyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

A Base-Promoted Reductive Coupling Platform for the Divergent Defluorofunctionalization of Trifluoromethylarenes was written by Wright, Shawn E.;Bandar, Jeffrey S.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2022.Product Details of 175205-82-0 This article mentions the following:

Trifluoromethylarenes ArCF₃ [Ar = di-Et phenylphosphonate, 3-(benzyloxy)-5-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 3-fluoropyridin-2-yl, etc.] reductive coupling method that dramatically expands the scope of difluorobenzylic substructures ArC(F₂)R [R = (hydroxyimino)methyl, (dimethylamino)[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl, morpholin-4-yl[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl, etc.] accessible via C-F bond functionalization was reported. Catalytic quantities of a Lewis base, in conjunction with a disilane reagent in formamide solvent, led to the replacement of a single trifluoromethyl fluorine atom with a silylated hemiaminal functional group. The reaction proceeds through a difluorobenzyl silane intermediate that can also be isolated. Together, these defluorinated products are shown to provide rapid access to over 20 unique difluoroalkylarene scaffolds. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (cas: 175205-82-0Product Details of 175205-82-0).

2-Bromo-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (cas: 175205-82-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Product Details of 175205-82-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Studies of 2-halopicoline N-oxides was written by Puszko, Aniela. And the article was included in Prace Naukowe Akademii Ekonomicznej imienia Oskara Langego we Wroclawiu in 1991.Computed Properties of C6H5Br2N This article mentions the following:

Oxidation of 2-halopicolines with peracetic acid or trifluoroacetic acids gave 2-halopicoline N-oxides I (X = Cl, Br, iodo). The electronic structure of I and their derivatives was studied by exptl. dipole moment values and UV spectra, and by SCF-CL-LCAO MO calculations (INDO approximation). Kinetics of the reaction of I with NaOEt were measured, and activation energies E^⧧, heats and entropies of activation, and free enthalpies ΔG^⧧ were calculated Treating I or its 4-nitro derivative gave 2,4-dibromopicoline N-oxides, 2-thiolopicoline N-oxides, and 2,4-dithiolopicoline N-oxides. Oxidation of the Me group in I with aqueous KMnO₄ gave 2-halocarboxypyridine N-oxides. These data are preceded by reviews of pyridine N-oxides and their derivatives with 501 references In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2,4-Dibromo-5-methylpyridine (cas: 79055-50-8Computed Properties of C6H5Br2N).

2,4-Dibromo-5-methylpyridine (cas: 79055-50-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Computed Properties of C6H5Br2N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chemical shift of the γ-proton signal in α-substituted pyridine derivatives was written by Perkampus, Heinz H.;Krueger, Uwe. And the article was included in Chemische Berichte in 1967.Quality Control of 2-Phenoxypyridine This article mentions the following:

The chem. shifts of the γ-proton in 19 α-substituted pyridine derivatives are correlated with the electron attracting and donating properties of the substituents, and a parallelism to Hammett constants of these substituents is presented. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Quality Control of 2-Phenoxypyridine).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Quality Control of 2-Phenoxypyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Critical Role of Achiral Guest Molecules in Planar Chirality Inversion of Alanine-Appended Pillar[5]arenes was written by Park, Jaehyeon;Choi, Yeonweon;Lee, Shim Sung;Jung, Jong Hwa. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.Safety of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide This article mentions the following:

Planar chirality inversion of pillar[5]arenes bearing D– or L-alanine substituents on both rims was investigated upon addition of guest mols. having pyridinium or imidazole moieties and long alkyl chains. The D– and L-alanine-substituted pillar[5]arenes exhibited pS and pR planar chirality, resp. However, this planar chirality was inverted upon inclusion of certain achiral mols., comprising pyridinium or imidazole moieties and long alkyl chains with terminal hydroxyl or Me groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4Safety of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide).

1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide (cas: 104-73-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Safety of 1-Dodecylpyridin-1-ium bromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis of Molybdenum and Tungsten Alkylidene Complexes that Contain a tert-Butylimido Ligand was written by Jeong, Hyangsoo;Schrock, Richard R.;Muller, Peter. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2015.Synthetic Route of C5H6ClN This article mentions the following:

A variety of Mo or W complexes that contain a tert-butylimido ligand were prepared For example, the o-methoxybenzylidene complex W(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC₆H₄)(Cl)₂(py) was prepared through addition of pyridinium chloride to W(N-t-Bu)₂(CH₂-o-MeOC₆H₄)₂, while Mo(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC₆H₄)(OR_F)₂(t-BuNH₂) complexes (OR_F = OC₆F₅ or OC(CF₃)₃) were prepared through addition of two equivalent of R_FOH to Mo(N-t-Bu)₂(CH₂-o-MeOC₆H₄)₂. An x-ray crystallog. study of Mo(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC₆H₄)[OC(CF₃)₃]₂(t-BuNH₂) showed that the methoxy O is bound to the metal and that two protons on the tert-butylamine ligand are only a short distance away from one of the CF₃ groups on one of the perfluoro-tert-butoxide ligands (H···F = 2.456(17) and 2.467(17) Å). Other synthesized W tert-butylimido complexes include W(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC₆H₄)(pyr)₂(2,2′-bipyridine) (pyr = pyrrolide), W(N-t-Bu)(CH-o-MeOC₆H₄)(pyr)(OHMT) (OHMT = O-2,6-(mesityl)₂C₆H₃), W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)(Cl)(py) (py = pyridine), W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)(Cl), W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(pyr)(ODFT)(py), W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)₂, and W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(ODFT)₂(ODFT = O-2,6-(C₆F₅)₂C₆H₃). W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(OHMT)₂ does not react with ethylene or 2,3-dicarbomethoxynorbornadiene. Removal of pyridine from W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(Biphen_CF3)(pyridine) (Biphen_CF3 = 3,3′-di-tert-butyl-5,5′-bistrifluoromethyl-6,6′-dimethyl-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diolate) with B(C₆F₅)₃ gave a five-coordinate 14e neopentyl complex as a consequence of CH activation in one of the Me groups in one tert-Bu group of the Biphen_CF3 ligand, as was proven in an x-ray study. An attempted synthesis of W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(Biphen_Me) (Biphen_Me = 3,3′-di-tert-butyl-5,5′,6,6′-tetramethyl-1,1′-biphenyl-2,2′-diolate) gave a 1:1 mixture of W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(Biphen_Me) and a neopentyl complex analogous to the one characterized through an x-ray study. The metallacyclobutane complexes W(N-t-Bu)(C₃H₆)(pyrrolide)(ODFT) and W(N-t-Bu)(C₃H₆)(ODFT)₂ were prepared in reactions involving W(N-t-Bu)(CH-t-Bu)(pyr)₂(bipy), ZnCl₂(dioxane), and one or two equivalent of DFTOH, resp., under 1 atm of ethylene. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Synthetic Route of C5H6ClN).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Synthetic Route of C5H6ClN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The optimization of xanthine derivatives leading to HBK001 hydrochloride as a potent dual ligand targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 was written by Li, Gang;Meng, Bingxu;Yuan, Baokun;Huan, Yi;Zhou, Tian;Jiang, Qian;Lei, Lei;Sheng, Li;Wang, Weiping;Gong, Ningbo;Lu, Yang;Ma, Chen;Li, Yan;Shen, Zhufang;Huang, Haihong. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:

A series of xanthine compounds derived from the previous hit I with modification on the terminal side chain was discovered through ring formation strategy. Systematic optimization of the compounds with rigid heterocycles in the hydrophobic side chain led to the new lead compound HBK001 (II) with the improved DPP-IV inhibition and moderate GPR119 agonism activity in vitro. As a continuing work to further study the PK and PD profiles, II and its hydrochloride (22) were synthesized on grams scale and evaluated on the ADME/T and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in ICR mice. Compound 22 showed the improved bioavailability and blood glucose-lowering effect in vivo compared to its free base 21h probably attributed to its improved solubility and permeability. The preliminary toxicity studies on compound 22 exhibited that the result of mini-Ames was neg. and the preliminary acute toxicity LD₅₀ in mice was above 1.5 g/kg, while it showed moderate inhibition on hERG channel with IC₅₀ 4.9μM maybe due to its high lipophilicity. These findings will be useful for the future drug design for more potent and safer dual ligand targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 for the treatment of diabetes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 4-carbamothioylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (cas: 214834-18-1Category: pyridine-derivatives).

tert-Butyl 4-carbamothioylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (cas: 214834-18-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Aromatic C-H Methylation and Other Functionalizations via Rh(III)-Catalyzed Migratory Insertion of Bis(phenylsulfonyl)carbene and Subsequent Transformations was written by Chen, Lei;Peng, Rui-jun;Zhang, Xue-jing;Yan, Ming;Chan, Albert S. C.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2021.Quality Control of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine This article mentions the following:

A Rh(III)-catalyzed migratory insertion of bis(phenylsulfonyl)carbene into aromatic C-H bonds has been developed. A variety of bis(phenylsulfonyl)methyl derivatives e.g., I were prepared with good yields under mild conditions. The methylated products e.g., II were readily obtained after reductive desulfonylation. Furthermore, the diverse transformations of bis(phenylsulfonyl)methyl to other functional groups III (R = trideuteriomethyl, formyl, Et, etc.) were demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Quality Control of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Quality Control of 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem