In 2019,Journal of the American Chemical Society included an article by Fernandez, Estefania; Rivero-Crespo, Miguel A.; Dominguez, Irene; Rubio-Marques, Paula; Oliver-Meseguer, Judit; Liu, Lichen; Cabrero-Antonino, Maria; Gavara, Rafael; Hernandez-Garrido, Juan C.; Boronat, Mercedes; Leyva-Perez, Antonio; Corma, Avelino. Category: pyridine-derivatives. The article was titled 《Base-Controlled Heck, Suzuki, and Sonogashira Reactions Catalyzed by Ligand-Free Platinum or Palladium Single Atom and Sub-Nanometer Clusters》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:
The assumption that oxidative addition is the key step during the cross-coupling reaction of aryl halides has led to the development of a plethora of increasingly complex metal catalysts, thereby obviating in many cases the exact influence of the base, which is a simple, inexpensive, and necessary reagent for this paramount transformation. Here, a combined exptl. and computational study shows that the oxidative addition is not the single kinetically relevant step in different cross-coupling reactions catalyzed by sub-nanometer Pt or Pd species, since the reactivity control is shifted toward subtle changes in the base. The exposed metal atoms in the cluster cooperate to enable an extremely easy oxidative addition of the aryl halide, even chlorides, and allow the base to bifurcate the coupling. With sub-nanometer Pd species, amines drive to the Heck reaction, carbonate drives to the Sonogashira reaction, and phosphate drives to the Suzuki reaction, while for Pt clusters and single atoms, good conversion is only achieved using acetate as a base. This base-controlled orthogonal reactivity with ligand-free catalysts opens new avenues in the design of cross-coupling reactions in organic synthesis.2-Pyridinylboronic acid(cas: 197958-29-5Category: pyridine-derivatives) was used in this study.
2-Pyridinylboronic acid(cas: 197958-29-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine’s structure is isoelectronic with that of benzene, but its properties are quite different. Pyridine is completely miscible with water, whereas benzene is only slightly soluble. Like all hydrocarbons, benzene is neutral (in the acid–base sense), but because of its nitrogen atom, pyridine is a weak base.Category: pyridine-derivatives