In 2022,Yamaguchi, Koji; Miyaguchi, Hajime; Ohno, Youkichi; Kanawaku, Yoshimasa published an article in Forensic Toxicology. The title of the article was 《Qualitative analysis of 7- and 8-hydroxyzolpidem and discovery of novel zolpidem metabolites in postmortem urine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry》.Related Products of 3510-66-5 The author mentioned the following in the article:
Forensic anal. of Zolpidem (ZOL) is a hypnotic sometimes used in drug-facilitated crimes. Understanding ZOL metabolism is important for proving ZOL intake. In this study, we synthesized standards of hydroxyzolpidems with a hydroxy group attached to the pyridine ring and analyzed them to prove their presence in postmortem urine. We also searched for novel ZOL metabolites in the urine sample using liquid chromatog.-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (LC-QqQMS) and liquid chromatog.-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QqTOFMS). 7- and 8-Hydroxyzolpidem (7OHZ and 8OHZ, resp.) were synthesized and analyzed using LC-QqQMS. Retention times were compared between the synthetic standards and extracts of postmortem urine. To search for novel ZOL metabolites, first, the urine extract was analyzed with data-dependent acquisition, and the peaks showing the characteristic fragmentation pattern of ZOL were selected. Second, product ion spectra of these peaks at various collision energies were acquired and fragments that could be used for multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) were chosen. Finally, MRM parameters were optimized using the urine extract These peaks were also analyzed using LC-QqTOFMS. The presence of 7OHZ and 8OHZ in urine was confirmed. The highest peak among hydroxyzolpidems was assigned to 7OHZ. The novel metabolites found were zolpidem dihydrodiol and its glucuronides, cysteine adducts of ZOL and dihydro(hydroxy)zolpidem, and glucuronides of hydroxyzolpidems. The presence of novel metabolites revealed new metabolic pathways, which involve formation of an epoxide on the pyridine ring as an intermediate. After reading the article, we found that the author used 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Related Products of 3510-66-5)
2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Related Products of 3510-66-5