Evidence against involvement of kynurenate branch of kynurenine pathway in pathophysiology of Fuchs鈥?dystrophy and keratoconus was written by Matysik-Wozniak, Anna;Wnorowski, Artur;Turski, Waldemar A.;Jozwiak, Krzysztof;Rejdak, Robert;Junemann, Anselm. And the article was included in Experimental Eye Research in 2022.Safety of (4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Kynurenine aminotransferases (KAT) are enzymes catalyzing formation of kynurenic acid (KYNA) from kynurenine. KYNA is a Janus-faced mol. of high biol. activity. On the one hand KYNA was identified as a UV filter and neuroprotectant with free radical scavenging properties, but on the other hand it may contribute to photodamage of lens proteins resulting in cataract formation. Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) and keratoconus (KC) are common, vision threatening corneal dystrophies whose etiol. is not fully understood. In our previous works, we confirmed the presence of KATs in the human cornea together with GPR35, a receptor for KYNA. This prompted us to investigate the potential changes in the expression of three isoforms: KAT I, KAT II, and KAT III in normal and FECD- and KC-affected corneas. Immunohistochem. accompanied by gene expression data mining revealed that the levels of neither KAT I, KAT II, nor KAT III are affected in FECD and KC. This constitutes evidence against the involvement of KATs in the pathophysiol. of FECD and KC. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate (cas: 54-47-7Safety of (4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate).
(4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate (cas: 54-47-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine’s the lone pair does not contribute to the aromatic system but importantly influences the chemical properties of pyridine, as it easily supports bond formation via an electrophilic attack. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Safety of (4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate