Children learn through play, and they learn more than adults might expect. Science experiments are a great way to spark their curiosity, Recommanded Product: 91-02-191-02-1, Name is Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone, SMILES is O=C(C1=CC=CC=C1)C2=NC=CC=C2, belongs to pyridine-derivatives compound. In a article, author is Kilfoil, Peter J., introduce new discover of the category.
Metabolic regulation of Kv channels and cardiac repolarization by Kv beta 2 subunits
Voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels control myocardial repolarization. Pore-forming Kv alpha proteins associate with intracellular Kv beta subunits, which bind pyridine nucleotides with high affinity and differentially regulate channel trafficking, plasmalemmal localization and gating properties. Nevertheless, it is unclear how Kv beta subunits regulate myocardial K+ currents and repolarization. Here, we tested the hypothesis that Kv beta 2 subunits regulate the expression of myocardial Kv channels and confer redox sensitivity to Kv current and cardiac repolarization. Co-immunoprecipitation and in situ proximity ligation showed that in cardiac myocytes, Kv beta 2 interacts with Kv1.4, Kv1.5, Kv4.2, and Kv4.3. Cardiac myocytes from mice lacking Kcnab2 (Kv beta 2(-/-)) had smaller cross sectional areas, reduced sarcolemmal abundance of Kv alpha binding partners, reduced I-to, I-K,I-slow1, and I-K,I-slow2 densities, and prolonged action potential duration compared with myocytes from wild type mice. These differences in Kv beta 2(-/-) mice were associated with greater P wave duration and QT interval in electrocardiograms, and lower ejection fraction, fractional shortening, and left ventricular mass in echocardiographic and morphological assessments. Direct intracellular dialysis with a high NAD(P)H:NAD(P)(+) accelerated Kv inactivation in wild type, but not Kv beta 2(-/-) myocytes. Furthermore, elevated extracellular levels of lactate increased [NADH](i) and prolonged action potential duration in wild type cardiac myocytes and perfused wild type, but not Kv beta 2(-/-), hearts. Taken together, these results suggest that Kv beta 2 regulates myocardial electrical activity by supporting the functional expression of proteins that generate I-to and I-K,I-slow, and imparting redox and metabolic sensitivity to Kv channels, thereby coupling cardiac repolarization to myocyte metabolism.
Note that a catalyst decreases the activation energy for both the forward and the reverse reactions and hence accelerates both the forward and the reverse reactions. you can also check out more blogs about 91-02-1. Recommanded Product: 91-02-1.
Reference:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
,Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem