Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Article, Journal of Organic Chemistry called Effects of Multiple Catalyst Deactivation Pathways and Continuous Ligand Recycling on the Kinetics of Pd-Catalyzed C-N Coupling Reactions, Author is Strotman, Neil A.; Soumeillant, Maxime C.; Zhu, Keming; Markwalter, Chester E.; Wei, Carolyn S.; Hsiao, Yi; Eastgate, Martin D., which mentions a compound: 894086-00-1, SMILESS is CC(P(C1=CC=NN1C2=C(C3=CC=CC=C3)N(C4=CC=CC=C4)N=C2C5=CC=CC=C5)C(C)(C)C)(C)C, Molecular C32H35N4P, Name: 5-(di-tert-Butylphosphino)-1′,3′,5′-triphenyl-1’H-1,4′-bipyrazole.
Unusual Pd deactivation and inhibition pathways were observed in a C-N coupling system. Irreversible catalyst deactivation involved C-H insertion of Pd into BippyPhos leading to an off-cycle palladaphosphacyclobutene. Product inhibition led to deactivated Pd but released ligand in the process, allowing it to react with addnl. Pd precursor to re-enter the catalytic cycle. In situ recycling of the ligand allowed for an input L/Pd ratio of ≪1 with no impact on reaction kinetics.
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