Category: 123-03-5

Ma, Jing; Yang, Hai-Lian; Ren, Wei-Hua published the artcile< Functionalized reduced graphene oxide loaded aligned carbon nanotube layer used as counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells>, Quality Control of 123-03-5, the main research area is reduced graphene oxide carbon nanotube layer counter electrode DSSC.

A novel bilayer counter electrodes for Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) made of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and aligned carbon nanotube (ACNT) was developed. The underlayer ACNT severs as a transition layer for RGO. The overlayer of RGO plays the role of catalytic layer. It was demonstrated that the property of graphene counter electrode was adversely affected by aggregation, by adding surfactant, the aggregation of graphene can be inhabited effectively. Moreover, the interface between the RGO and the ACNT can be optimized by surfactant functionalization of RGO. After screening, a cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) functionalized RGO, code as CPC-RGO, exhibits the best performance. Compare to the ACNT based counter electrode and other surfactant functionalized RGO/ACNT based bilayer counter electrodes, the CPC-RGO/ACNT reduced interface resistance and improved the double chem. capacitance efficiently, thus uplifting the short circuit c.d. and fill factor from 7.35 to 8.8 mA cm-2, and 59.87 to 62.79, resp. Eventually, the CPC-RGO/ACNT based DSSC giving a power conversion efficiency of 3.9%, which is 1.24-fold than that of ANCT based DSSC, because of the best splay degree of CPC/RGO.

Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology published new progress about Current density. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Quality Control of 123-03-5.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Bhattacharya, Ritwick; Chatterjee, Arnab; Chatterjee, Soumendranath; Saha, Nimai Chandra published the artcile< Commonly used surfactants sodium dodecyl sulphate, cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium laureth sulphate and their effects on antioxidant defence system and oxidative stress indices in Cyprinus carpio L.: an integrated in silico and in vivo approach>, Application of C21H38ClN, the main research area is surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate cetylpyridinium chloride antioxidant defense system; Cyprinus carpio; Cytochrome P450; Homology modelling; Molecular docking; Oxidative stress.

The present study evaluated the homol. modeling, in silico prediction and characterization of Cyprinus carpio cytochrome P 450, as well as mol. docking experiments between the modelled protein and the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Homol. modeling of cytochrome P 450 was performed using the best fit template structure. The structure was optimized with 3D refine, and the ultimate 3D structure was checked with PROCHEK and ERRATA. ExPASy’s ProtParam was likewise used to analyze the modelled protein’s physiochem. and stereochem. attributes. To establish the binding pattern of each ligand to the targeted protein and its effect on the overall protein conformation, mol. docking calculations and protein-ligand interactions were performed. Our in silico anal. revealed that hydrophobic interactions with the active site amino acid residues of cytochrome P 450 were more prevalent than hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. The in vivo anal. exhibited that exposure of fish to sublethal concentrations (10% and 30% of 96 h LC50) of SDS (0.34 and 1.02 mg/l), CPC (0.002 and 0.006 mg/l) and SLES (0.69 and 2.07 mg/l) at 15d, 30d and 45d adversely affected the oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GST, GPx and MDA) in the liver of Cyprinus carpio. As a result, the study suggests that elicited oxidative stress, prompted by the induction of antioxidant enzymes activity, could be attributable to the stable binding of cytochrome P 450 with SDS, CPC and SLES which ultimately leads to the evolution of antioxidant enzymes for its neutralization.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research published new progress about Antioxidant enzymes Role: CAT (Catalyst Use), USES (Uses). 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Application of C21H38ClN.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Khatouri, M.; Ahfir, R.; Lemaalam, M.; El Khaoui, S.; Derouiche, A.; Filali, M. published the artcile< Effect of hydrophobically modified PEO polymers (PEO-dodecyl) on oil/water microemulsion properties: in vitro and in silico investigations>, Recommanded Product: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride, the main research area is hydrophobically modified PEO polymer oil water microemulsion property.

Microemulsions are excellent systems for transdermal delivery of multifunctional drugs because they have the potential to improve drug absorption/permeation and handling limitations. Biocompatible polymers are used as a coating of microemulsions to avoid the interactions that can occur between the microemulsions and the skin. Thus, they protect and lubricate these transporter nanovesicles. In this paper, we studied decane/water microemulsions covered with hydrophobically modified PEO polymer (PEO-m). To reveal the effect of hydrophobically modified PEO (PEO-m) polymer on the shape, the micro-arrangement and the dynamics of the microemulsions, we used an integrated strategy combining Mol. Dynamics simulation (MD), Small-Angle Neutron Scattering experiments (SANS), and the Ornstein-Zernike integral equations with the Hypernetted Chain (HNC) closure relation. We determined the microemulsion shape in vitro using the renormalized intensities spectra from SANS experiments We discussed the micro arrangements of microemulsions, in vitro and in silico, employing the pair correlation function g(r) and the structure factor S(q), obtained from the three approaches with good agreement. Thus, we used the validated MD simulations to calculate the microemulsion’s dynamics properties that we discussed using the mean-squared displacement (MSD) and the diffusion coefficients We found that the presence of moderate quantities of PEO-m, from 4 to 12 PEO-m per microemulsion, does not influence the microemulsion shape, increases the stability of the microemulsion, and slightly decrease the dynamics. Our in vitro and in silico results suggest that polymer incorporation, which has interesting in vivo implications, has no disadvantageous effects on the microemulsion properties.

RSC Advances published new progress about Absorption. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Recommanded Product: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Qiu, Xuchun; Tengbe, Michaela Sia; Xia, Xingyi; Dong, Kejun; Chen, Chen; Shi, Yanhong; Li, Ming; Xu, Hai; Wu, Xiangyang; Chen, Kun published the artcile< Impacts of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on the Survival, Development, Behavior, and Oxidative Stress of Early-Life-Stage Zebrafish (Danio rerio)>, COA of Formula: C21H38ClN, the main research area is cetylpyridinium chloride superoxide dismutase aquatic ecosystem oxidative stress; behavioral responses; cetylpyridinium chloride; development; early life stages; oxidative stress; zebrafish.

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a widely used surfactant that has been detected in various water ecosystems. However, knowledge on the toxicity of CPC to fish remains scarce. Here, we examined the survival, development, behavior, and oxidative stress in the early life stages of zebrafish exposed to CPC (0, 4, 40, 400, and 1200 μg/L) until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Results showed that CPC induced significant mortality at 400 and 1200 μg/L, with a 120 h-EC50 value of 175.9 μg/L. CPC significantly decreased the heart rate of embryos (48 hpf; 4-400 μg/L) and larvae (72 hpf; 40 and 400 μg/L). At 120 hpf, CPC exhibited a dual effect on the locomotion activity (decreased at 400 μg/L and increased at 4 and 40 μg/L) and elevated the reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels in zebrafish larvae at 400 μg/L. In addition, a correlation anal. revealed that CPC-induced oxidative stress might play a critical role in mediating the cardiac and behavioral toxicity of CPC to zebrafish larvae. Our findings suggest that CPC may disturb the fish′s development, behavior, and oxidative status at environmentally relevant concentrations, which should not be ignored when assessing its potential risks to aquatic ecosystems.

Antioxidants published new progress about Aquatic ecosystem. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, COA of Formula: C21H38ClN.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Allen, Sonia A.; Datta, Sandipan; Sandoval, Jose; Tomilov, Alexey; Sears, Thomas; Woolard, Kevin; Angelastro, James M.; Cortopassi, Gino A. published the artcile< Cetylpyridinium chloride is a potent AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) inducer and has therapeutic potential in cancer>, Name: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride, the main research area is cancer cetylpyridinium chloride AMP activated kinase therapeutics; AMP-activated protein kinase; AMPK; Cancer; Cetylpyridinium chloride; Mitochondrial inhibitor; Quaternary ammonium salt.

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a eukaryotic energy sensor and protector from mitochondrial/energetic stress that is also a therapeutic target for cancer and metabolic disease. Metformin is an AMPK inducer that has been used in cancer therapeutic trials. Through screening we isolated cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a drug known to dose-dependently inhibit mitochondrial complex 1, as a potent and dose-dependent AMPK stimulator. Mitochondrial biogenesis and bioenergetics changes have also been implicated in glioblastoma, which is the most aggressive form of brain tumors. Cetylpyridinium chloride has been administered in humans as a safe drug-disinfectant for several decades, and we report here that under in vitro conditions, cetylpyridinium chloride kills glioblastoma cells in a dose dependent manner at a higher efficacy compared to current standard of care drug, temozolomide.

Mitochondrion published new progress about Brain neoplasm Role: BSU (Biological Study, Unclassified), BIOL (Biological Study). 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Name: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Niroobakhsh, Zahra; LaNasa, Jacob A.; Belmonte, Andrew; Hickey, Robert J. published the artcile< Rapid Stabilization of Immiscible Fluids using Nanostructured Interfaces via Surfactant Association>, Safety of 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride, the main research area is nanostructured interface immiscible fluid rapid stabilization.

Surfactant mols. have been extensively used as emulsifying agents to stabilize immiscible fluids. Droplet stability has been shown to be increased when ordered nanoscale phases form at the interface of the two fluids due to surfactant association Here, we report on using mixtures of a cationic surfactant and long chained alkenes with polar head groups [e.g., cetylpyridinium chloride (CPCl) and oleic acid] to create an ordered nanoscale lamellar morphol. at aqueous-oil interfaces. The self-assembled nanostructure at the liquid-liquid interface was characterized using small-angle x-ray scattering, and the mech. properties were measured using interfacial rheol. We hypothesize that the resulting lamellar morphol. at the liquid-liquid interface is driven by the change in critical packing parameter when the CPCl mols. are diluted by the presence of the long chain alkenes with polar head groups, which leads to a spherical micelle-to-lamellar phase transition. The work presented here has larger implications for using nanostructured interfacial material to sep. different fluids in flowing conditions for biosystems and in 3D printing technol.

Physical Review Letters published new progress about Encapsulation Role: PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), PROC (Process). 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Safety of 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Lam, Hung Thanh; Le-Vinh, Bao; Phan, Thi Nhu Quynh; Bernkop-Schnuerch, Andreas published the artcile< Self-emulsifying drug delivery systems and cationic surfactants: do they potentiate each other in cytotoxicity>, Computed Properties of 123-03-5, the main research area is self emulsifying drug delivery system cationic surfactant; alkyltrimethylammonium bromide; benzalkonium chloride; cationic surfactant; cytotoxicity; self-emulsifying drug delivery systems.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS) containing five different cationic surfactants. Cationic surfactants were added in a concentration of 1% and 5% (m/m) to SEDDS comprising 30% Capmul MCM, 30% Captex 355, 30% Cremophor EL and 10% propylene glycol. The resulting formulations were characterized in terms of size, zeta potential, in-vitro haemolytic activity and toxicity on Caco-2 via MTT assay and lactate dehydrogenase release assay. The evaluated surfactants had in both concentrations a minor impact on the size of SEDDS ranging from 30.2 ± 0.6 to 55.4 ± 1.1 nm, whereas zeta potential changed significantly from -9.0 ± 0.3 to +28.8 ± 1.6 mV. The overall cytotoxicity of cationic surfactants followed the rank order: hexadecylpyridinium chloride > benzalkonium chloride > alkyltrimethylammonium bromide > octylamine > 1-decyl-3-methylimidazolium. The haemolytic activity of the combination of cationic surfactants and SEDDS on human red blood cells was synergistic. Furthermore, cationic SEDDS exhibited higher cytotoxicity of Caco-2 cells compared to SEDDS without cationic surfactants. According to these results, SEDDS and cationic surfactants seem to bear an additive up to synergistic toxic risk.

Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology published new progress about Castor oil, ethoxylated Role: MOA (Modifier or Additive Use), USES (Uses). 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Computed Properties of 123-03-5.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zheng, Dongxiao; Li, Anze; Zhang, Man; Wang, Xiuli; Wu, Bin; Zhao, Pei; Jia, Xiaoyong; Ding, Jiandong; Zou, Qi; Zhu, Liangliang published the artcile< An excitation-dependent ratiometric dual-emission strategy for the large-scale enhancement of fluorescent tint control>, Application In Synthesis of 123-03-5, the main research area is carbon quantum dot surface state zeta potential photoexcitation fluorescence.

An alternative and convenient strategy for preparing carbon dots (CDs) with multicolor and dual-emission fluorescence is described. For this dual-emission characteristic, the short-wavelength emission reveals unique excitation-dependent fluorescence behavior, during which the long-wavelength emission remains unshifted regardless of the excitation. Consequently, such excitation-dependent ratiometric dual emission can be applied into a fluorescent tint control of this material between the cold and warm white-light regions. This unique property allows the CDs to be further translated into film sheets for visual detection of the irradiation source, and to also be conjugated with calf thymus DNA for multichannel bioimaging. These results offer new insights for the development of easy-to-handle techniques for material luminescent color tuning.

Nanoscale published new progress about Cytotoxicity. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Application In Synthesis of 123-03-5.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Li, Ying; Du, Na; Song, Shue; Hou, Wanguo published the artcile< Adsorption of Cetylpyridinium Chloride at Silica Nanoparticle/Water Interfaces (II): Dependence of Surface Aggregation on Particle Size>, Quality Control of 123-03-5, the main research area is cetylpyridinium chloride silica nanoparticle adsorption water aggregation.

Herein, we report a thermodn. model that relates adsorption (aggregation) parameters of surfactants at solid/liquid interfaces with particle radius (r). The adsorption (aggregation) parameters include adsorption amounts, equilibrium constants (or the standard Gibbs free energy changes), the critical surface micelle concentration (csmc), and the average aggregation number of surface micelles (n). The model predicts the size-dependence of surface aggregation of surfactants, which is determined by the changes in the interfacial tension and the molar volume of surface components caused by adsorption. In addition, the adsorption of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPyCl), a cationic surfactant, on silica nanoparticles with different r (ca. 6-61 nm) was determined at 298 K and pH 4, showing an obvious size-dependence, consistent with the prediction of the model. With an increase in r, the adsorption isotherm changes from the double-plateau type to the Langmuir type, accompanied by the obvious changes of the adsorption parameters. The size-dependent adsorption data can be well described using the model equations, indicating that the model presented here is acceptable. In addition, the model can extract information on the interfacial tensions from adsorption data. We think that the model deepens the understanding of the aggregation phenomena of surfactants at solid/liquid interfaces.

Langmuir published new progress about Adsorption. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Quality Control of 123-03-5.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

de Miranda, Thiago M.; de Oliveira, Alan R.; Pereira, Juliano R.; da Silva, Jeferson G.; Lula, Ivana S.; Nascimento, Clebio S. Jr.; Denadai, Angelo M. L. published the artcile< Inclusion vs. micellization in the cethylpyridine chloride / β-cyclodextrin system: A structural and thermodynamic approach>, Synthetic Route of 123-03-5, the main research area is complexation micellization cethylpyridine chloride cyclodextrin structure thermodn.

In the present work we have performed a structural and thermodn. characterization of supramol. structures formed by interaction between cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) surfactant and β-cyclodextrin (βCD), using several phys.-chem. methods. Initially, qual. CPC/βCD interactions in solid state were confirmed by FTIR and TGA/DTA. 2D NMR ROESY experiment showed strong correlations between hydrogens of βCD cavity with aromatic and aliphatic hydrogens of CPC, suggesting the existence of different complexes in solution This information was corroborated by structures assessed by computational approach and stoichiometric coefficient obtained by ITC (N = 1.45). ITC experiments (at constant concentration of CPC) also showed that host-guest complexation occur with very high binding constant (Kb = 38,300.0), and driven by enthalpy and entropy. However, as CPC is an amphiphilic mol., it is able to form micelles at critical micellar concentration close to 1 mM. In presence of βCD, it was observed that micellization was delayed, so that the cmc values increased according to the empiric equation: cmc = 1.02 + 0.5[βCD]. Moreover, thermodn. data obtained by combination of conductometric and isothermal calorimetry titrations showed that the presence of increasing concentrations of βCD causes an increase of free energy of micellization, specially by gradual reduction of entropy of micellization, due to the difficult of micelles encapsulate the inclusion compounds The overall study was rationalized in terms of competition between micellization vs. host-guest complexation.

Journal of Molecular Structure published new progress about Complexation enthalpy. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Synthetic Route of 123-03-5.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem