Category: 138219-98-4

COA of Formula: C12H10Cl2N2On October 3, 2011 ,《Synthesis and Characterization of Tris(Heteroleptic) Ru(II) Complexes Bearing Styryl Subunits》 was published in Inorganic Chemistry. The article was written by Myahkostupov, Mykhaylo; Castellano, Felix N.. The article contains the following contents:

The authors have developed and optimized a well-controlled and refined methodol. for the synthesis of substituted π-conjugated 4,4′-distyryl-2,2′-bipyridine ligands and also adapted the tris(heteroleptic) synthetic approach developed by Mann and co-workers to produce two new representative Ru(II)-based complexes bearing the metal oxide surface-anchoring precursor 4,4′-bis[E-(p-methylcarboxy-styryl)]-2,2′-bipyridine. The two targeted Ru(II) complexes, (4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-bis[E-(p-methylcarboxy-styryl)]-2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate, [Ru(dmbpy)(dtbbpy)(p-COOMe-styryl-bpy)](PF6)2 (1) and (4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-bipyridine)(4,4′-bis[E-(p-methylcarboxy-styryl)]-2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium(II) hexafluorophosphate, [Ru(dmbpy)(dnbpy)(p-COOMe-styryl-bpy)](PF6)2 (2) were obtained as anal. pure compounds in high overall yields (>50% after 5 steps) and were isolated without significant purification effort. In these tris(heteroleptic) mols., NMR-based structural characterization became nontrivial as the coordinated ligand sets each sense profoundly distinct magnetic environments greatly complicating traditional 1D spectra. However, rational two-dimensional approaches based on both homo- and heteronuclear couplings were readily applied to these structures producing quite definitive anal. characterization and the associated methodol. is described. Preliminary photoluminescence and photochem. characterization of 1 and 2 strongly suggests that both mols. are energetically and kinetically suitable to serve as sensitizers in energy-relevant applications. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4COA of Formula: C12H10Cl2N2)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals. COA of Formula: C12H10Cl2N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Kirilov, Plamen; Matondo, Hubert; Vicendo, Patricia; Garrigues, Jean-Christophe; Baboulene, Michel; Nguyen, Hoang-Phuong; Rico-Lattes, Isabelle published an article on February 28 ,2006. The article was titled 《Synthesis and photophysical properties of novel amphiphilic ruthenium(II) complexes containing 4,4′-dialkyl-aminomethyl-2,2′-bipyridyl ligands》, and you may find the article in Applied Organometallic Chemistry.HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The synthesis of new 2,2′-bipyridine ligands (L = 4,4′-dialkyl-aminomethyl-2,2′-bipyridine; alkyl = octyl, dodecyl, octadodecyl) functionalized with bulky amino side groups is reported. Three homoleptic polypyridyl ruthenium(II) complexes [Ru(L)3]2+(PF6-)2 have been synthesized. These compounds were characterized and their photophys. properties examined The electronic spectra of three complexes show pyridyl π → π* transitions in the UV region and metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands in the visible region. In the experiment, the researchers used 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Fraser, Cassandra L.; Anastasi, Natia R.; Lamba, Jaydeep J. S. published their research in Journal of Organic Chemistry on December 26 ,1997. The article was titled 《Synthesis of Halomethyl and Other Bipyridine Derivatives by Reaction of 4,4′-Bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-2,2′-bipyridine with Electrophiles in the Presence of Fluoride Ion》.Synthetic Route of C12H10Cl2N2 The article contains the following contents:

This report describes a new, high yield route to bipyridine derivatives via a trimethylsilyl (TMS) intermediate. 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bpy was reacted with lithium diisopropylamide, and the dianion thus formed was trapped with TMSCl to generate 4,4′-bis[(trimethylsilyl)methyl]-2,2′-bpy. The TMS group was removed using dry F- sources (TBAF/SiO2 in THF or CsF in DMF) in the presence of BrF2CCF2Br or Cl3CCCl3 to produce the bromide or chloride analogs of 4,4′-bis(halomethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine, resp. The CsF/DMF methodol. extends to other electrophiles, including benzaldehyde to give 4,4′-bis(2-hydroxy-2-phenethyl)-2,2′-bpy as well as to alkyl halides. Benzyl Br, dodecyl Br, and α-chloroacetonitrile gave mixtures of di- and monoalkylated products along with the diprotonated product, 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bpy. In the experiment, the researchers used 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4Synthetic Route of C12H10Cl2N2)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Synthetic Route of C12H10Cl2N2 Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridineOn October 24, 2018 ,《Extending Hypochlorite Sensing from Cells to Elesclomol-Treated Tumors in Vivo by Using a Near-Infrared Dual-Phosphorescent Nanoprobe》 was published in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. The article was written by Meng, Xiangchun; Shi, Yuxiang; Chen, Zejing; Song, Linna; Zhao, Menglong; Zou, Liang; Liu, Shujuan; Huang, Wei; Zhao, Qiang. The article contains the following contents:

Reactive oxygen species (ROS), when beyond the threshold, can exhaust the capacity of cellular antioxidants and ultimately trigger cell apoptosis in tumor biol. However, the roles of hypochlorite (ClO-) in this process are much less clear compared with those of ROS, and its detection is easily obstructed by tissue penetration and endogenous fluorophores. Herein, the authors first synthesized a near-IR (NIR) ratiometric ClO- probe (Ir NP) composed of two kinds of phosphorescent iridium(III) complexes (Ir1 and Ir2) encapsulated with amphiphilic DSPE-mPEG5000. Ir NPs are dual-emissive and show obvious changes in phosphorescence intensity ratios and lifetimes of two emission bands upon exposure to ClO-. During the ClO- detection, ratiometric photoluminescence imaging is much more reliable over the intensity-based one for its self-calibration, while time-resolved photoluminescence imaging (TRPI) could distinguish the phosphorescence with long lifetime of Ir NPs from short-lived autofluorescence of tissues, resulting in the high accuracy of ClO- determination With NIR emission, a long phosphorescence lifetime, fast response, and excellent biocompatibility, Ir NPs were applied to the detection of ClO- in vitro and in vivo by means of ratiometric phosphorescence imaging and TRPI with high signal-to noise-ratios (SNR). Importantly, the authors demonstrated the elevated ClO- in elesclomol-stimulated tumors in living mice for the first time, which holds great potential for the visualization of the boost of ClO- in anticarcinogen-treated tumors and the further investigation of ROS-related oncotherapeutics. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals. Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Karthikeyan, Chedarampet S.; Thelakkat, Mukundan published an article on February 15 ,2008. The article was titled 《Key aspects of individual layers in solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells and novel concepts to improve their performance》, and you may find the article in Inorganica Chimica Acta.Recommanded Product: 138219-98-4 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The key aspects of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells (SDSC) are presented with different concepts, based on extensive studies, to improve performance. The influence of the compact TiO2 layer, novel donor-antenna sensitizing dyes, nature of nanocrystalline-TiO2 layers and solid-state organic hole conductors on the performance of SDSC is discussed. Preparation and thickness of the compact TiO2 layer were optimized using spray pyrolysis. The studies revealed that an optimum film thickness of 120-150 nm of compact TiO2 yielded the best rectifying behavior and SDSC performance. The influence of 3 different mesoporous TiO2 films, obtained from 3 different TiO2 nanocrystals, prepared by sol-gel, thermal, and colloidal-microwave processes, was also studied. The TiO2 layer with the optimum pore volume and pore diameter (∼44 nm) displayed the highest efficiency and IPCE in a SDSC. The importance of pore size rather than high surface area for filling the mesoporous layer with solid-state hole conductor became evident. Heteroleptic Ru(II) complexes carrying donor antenna moieties, triphenylamine (TPA) or N,N’-bis(phenyl)-N,N’-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD), were synthesized and used in a SDSC. These novel donor-antenna dyes had power conversion efficiencies of 1.5-3.4%, measured under AM 1.5 spectral conditions. This is attributed to efficient light harvesting of these novel dyes and the improved charge-transfer dynamics at TiO2-dye and dye-hole conductor interfaces. Different low mol. weight and polymeric triphenyldiamines were synthesized and used as hole-transporting layers (HTL) in SDSC. Different studies showed that low mol. TPDs displayed better efficiency than their polymeric counterparts due to their improved filling into the pores of the nc-TiO2 layers. Another study revealed that an optimum driving force in terms of HOMO-level difference between the dye and HTL decides charge carrier generation efficiency. Novel hole conductors with spiro-bifluorene-triphenylamine core for transporting holes and tetra-ethylene glycol side chains for binding Li ions were synthesized and used in SDSCs. A Li+-salt is required at the TiO2/dye interface as well as in the bulk of HTL. Also the addition of ∼5-20% of these Li+-binding hole conductors and higher Li-salt (N-lithiotrifluoromethane sulfonamide) concentrations improved the SDSC performance. An improvement of ∼120% in solar cell efficiency as compared to the reference cells was achieved with an optimum composition of Li+-binding hole conductor and Li-salt. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4Recommanded Product: 138219-98-4)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Recommanded Product: 138219-98-4The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Safety of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridineOn October 28, 2015 ,《Highly robust hybrid photocatalyst for carbon dioxide reduction: Tuning and optimization of catalytic activities of dye/TiO2/Re(I) organic-inorganic ternary systems》 was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. The article was written by Won, Dong-Il; Lee, Jong-Su; Ji, Jung-Min; Jung, Won-Jo; Son, Ho-Jin; Pac, Chyongjin; Kang, Sang Ook. The article contains the following contents:

Herein we report a detailed investigation of a highly robust hybrid system (sensitizer/TiO2/catalyst) for the visible-light reduction of CO2 to CO; the system comprises 5′-(4-[bis(4-methoxymethylphenyl)amino]phenyl-2,2′-dithiophen-5-yl)cyanoacrylic acid as the sensitizer and (4,4′-bis(methylphosphonic acid)-2,2′-bipyridine)ReI(CO)3Cl as the catalyst, both of which have been anchored on three different types of TiO2 particles (s-TiO2, h-TiO2, d-TiO2). It was found that remarkable enhancements in the CO2 conversion activity of the hybrid photocatalytic system can be achieved by addition of water or such other additives as Li+, Na+, and TEOA. The photocatalytic CO2 reduction efficiency was enhanced by approx. 300% upon addition of 3% (volume/volume) H2O, giving a turnover number of ≥570 for 30 h. A series of Mott-Schottky (MS) analyses on nanoparticle TiO2 films demonstrated that the flat-band potential (Vfb) of TiO2 in dry DMF is substantially neg. but pos. shifts to considerable degrees in the presence of water or Li+, indicating that the enhancement effects of the additives on the catalytic activity should mainly arise from optimal alignment of the TiO2 Vfb with respect to the excited-state oxidation potential of the sensitizer and the reduction potential of the catalyst in our ternary system. The present results confirm that the TiO2 semiconductor in our heterogeneous hybrid system is an essential component that can effectively work as an electron reservoir and as an electron transporting mediator to play essential roles in the persistent photocatalysis activity of the hybrid system in the selective reduction of CO2 to CO. The experimental process involved the reaction of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4Safety of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Safety of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4On March 6, 2007, Karthikeyan, C. S.; Peter, Katja; Wietasch, Helga; Thelakkat, Mukundan published an article in Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. The article was 《Highly efficient solid-state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells via control of retardation of recombination using novel donor-antenna dyes》. The article mentions the following:

Two series of heteroleptic tris(bipyridyl)Ru(II) and bis(bipyridyl)(NCS)2Ru(II) complexes have been synthesized and characterized. This is a part of a new concept of covalent linkage of donor-antenna groups, e.g., triphenylamine or N,N’-bis(phenyl)-N,N’-bis(3-methylphenyl)-1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (TPD) to Ru(II) dye center. For the covalent attachment of donor units, a multi-step synthesis was carried out starting from 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine followed by chlorination and Wittig reaction with donor aldehydes. This was followed either by a metalation reaction using bis(4,4′-dicarboxy-2,2′-bipyridyl)Ru(II)dichloride (bpy(COOH)2Ru(II)2Cl2 2H2O) as precursor to get tris(bipyridyl) dyes or by a one pot synthesis starting from dichloro(p-cymene)Ru(II) dimer resulting in bis(bipyridyl)(NCS)2 dyes. The complexes (bpy(COOH)2)2(bpyMe2)Ru(II) 2PF6 and (bpy(COOH)2)(bpyMe2)(NCS)2Ru(II) without donor-antenna groups were also prepared to study and compare the properties. The influence of donor-antenna groups in these complexes was studied using UV-Vis spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. The heteroleptic complexes carrying donor groups show appreciably broad absorption ranges and extraordinarily high extinction coefficients These high extinction coefficients are explained as due to the extended delocalization of π-electrons in the donor-antenna ligands. The HOMO/LUMO energy values obtained from cyclic voltammetry support the multi-step charge transfer cascade possible in these donor-antenna dyes. Examples of solid-state dye-sensitized solar cell utilizing these novel donor-antenna dyes revealed spectacular performances of power conversion efficiencies of up to 3.4%, for the dye carrying a TPD donor group as measured under AM 1.5 spectral conditions. This is attributed to highly efficient light harvesting of these novel dyes and the improved charge transfer dynamics at TiO2-dye and dye-hole conductor interfaces. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals. HPLC of Formula: 138219-98-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Peter, K.; Wietasch, H.; Peng, B.; Thelakkat, M. published an article in Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing. The title of the article was 《Dual-functional materials for interface modifications in solid-state dye-sensitised TiO2 solar cells》.Electric Literature of C12H10Cl2N2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

The concept of solid-state dye-sensitized TiO2 solar cells with an organic semiconductor as hole-transport medium is studied in detail by examining the dye-hole conductor interface. The facile transfer of holes from Ru-dye core to the hole conductor requires suitable interface modifiers which have the function of dye and hole transport moiety, but with exactly positioned anchor groups and antenna functions. The synthesis and characterization of such novel low mol. weight multifunctional mols. carrying dye units and triphenylamine moieties are presented and their influence as interface modifiers is studied. This interface modification results in doubling the external quantum efficiency of current conversion via improved charge transfer at the dye-hole conductor interface. Also, the recombination processes at this interface are drastically suppressed, which leads to higher open-circuit voltage and consequently higher power-conversion efficiency. The concept is also extended to polymers to obtain dye-centered polymeric hole conductors which carry a single Ru-dye unit in the middle of the poly(vinyltriphenylamine) chain that acts as hole-conductor polymer. The polymerization was carried out by atom-transfer radical polymerization of 4-bromostyrene followed by polymer amination and finally metalation with Ru-bis(bipyridyl) precursors. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4Electric Literature of C12H10Cl2N2)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Electric Literature of C12H10Cl2N2The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《Mitochondria targeted and NADH triggered photodynamic activity of chloromethyl modified Ru(II) complexes under hypoxic conditions》 were Tian, Na; Sun, Weize; Guo, Xusheng; Lu, Jian; Li, Chao; Hou, Yuanjun; Wang, Xuesong; Zhou, Qianxiong. And the article was published in Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) in 2019. COA of Formula: C12H10Cl2N2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

Three chloromethyl-modified Ru(II) complexes were designed and synthesized as mitochondria targeting photosensitizers, which can generate carbon radicals in the presence of NADH under visible light irradiation, cause DNA cleavage and covalent binding in Ar-saturated solutions, and lead to apoptosis of human ovarian carcinoma SKOV-3 cells under hypoxic conditions (3% O2), demonstrating a new mode of type I mechanism to overcome the limitation of hypoxia in photodynamic therapy (PDT). The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4COA of Formula: C12H10Cl2N2)

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals. COA of Formula: C12H10Cl2N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Theoretical exploration of 2,2′-bipyridines as electro-active compounds in flow batteries》 was written by Sanchez-Castellanos, Mariano; Flores-Leonar, Martha M.; Mata-Pinzon, Zaahel; Laguna, Humberto G.; Garcia-Ruiz, Karl M.; Rozenel, Sergio S.; Ugalde-Saldivar, Victor M.; Moreno-Esparza, Rafael; Pijpers, Joep J. H.; Amador-Bedolla, Carlos. Formula: C12H10Cl2N2 And the article was included in Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics in 2019. The article conveys some information:

Compounds from the 2,2′-bipyridine mol. family were investigated for use as redox-active materials in organic flow batteries. For 156 2,2′-bipyridine derivatives reported in the academic literature, we calculated the redox potential, the pKa for the second deprotonation reaction, and the solubility in aqueous solutions Using exptl. data on a small subset of derivatives, we were able to calibrate our calculations We find that functionalization with electron-withdrawing groups leads to an increase of the redox potential and to an increase of the mol. acidity (as expressed in a reduction of the pKa value for the second deprotonation step). Furthermore, calculations of solubility in water indicate that some of the studied derivatives have adequate solubility for flow battery applications. Based on an anal. of the physico-chem. properties of the 156 studied compounds, we down-select five mols. with carbonyl- and nitro-based functional groups, whose parameters are especially promising for potential applications as neg. redox-active materials in organic flow batteries. In addition to this study using 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine, there are many other studies that have used 4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4Formula: C12H10Cl2N2) was used in this study.

4,4′-Bis(chloromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 138219-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. Formula: C12H10Cl2N2 Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem