Category: 47369-00-6

Kamogawa, Hiroyoshi published the artcileRedox photochromism of arylviologen crystals, Synthetic Route of 47369-00-6, the publication is Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan (1991), 64(1), 321-3, database is CAplus.

Reversible color development induced by near-UV light (photochromism) was observed for some crystalline powder of 1,1′-diaryl-4,4′-bipyridinium bis(p-toluenesulfonate). Redox mechanism by the electron transfer from the sulfonate anion to viologen dication is claimed.

Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C22H18Cl2N2, Synthetic Route of 47369-00-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Sharma, G. D. published the artcileStudies on electrical and photoelectrical behavior of ITO/ArV/In Schottky barrier device, Quality Control of 47369-00-6, the publication is Synthetic Metals (1999), 106(2), 97-105, database is CAplus.

The elec. and photoelec. properties of aryl viologen (ArV), chem. known as 1,1′-diphenyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride, in the form of thin film, sandwiched between ITO and In electrode were studied. Current-voltage (J-V) characteristics in the dark show the rectification effect due to the formation of a Schottky barrier at the In-ArV interface. The diode quality factor of the device, greater than unity, indicates the recombination of electron-hole in depletion region. Ohmic conduction in the low-voltage range and space-charge-limited conduction (SCLC) controlled by an exponential distribution of traps above the valence band edge, for the higher voltage region, have been observed Various elec. parameters were calculated from an anal. of the J-V and capacitance-voltage characteristics at different temperatures, and are discussed in detail. At higher frequencies, the device exhibits voltage-independent capacitance, which is explained in terms of the extremely slow kinetics of space charge and low mobility of charge carriers. The photoaction spectra of the device and absorption spectra of the ArV thin film reveal that the fraction of light, which is absorbed near or within the diffusion length of the exciton, is responsible for producing the free charge carriers. The photovoltaic parameters were calculated from the J-V characteristics under illumination through ITO and discussed in detail.

Synthetic Metals published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C11H14O2, Quality Control of 47369-00-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Biedermann, Frank published the artcileCucurbit[8]uril Mediated Donor-Acceptor Ternary Complexes: A Model System for Studying Charge-Transfer Interactions, Name: 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, the publication is Journal of Physical Chemistry B (2012), 116(9), 2842-2849, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A supramol. self-assembly approach is described which allows for the convenient preparation of a wide range of charge-transfer (CT) donor-acceptor complexes in aqueous solutions When one equiv of the macrocyclic host cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) is added to an aqueous donor and acceptor solution, a heteroternary complex forms inside the host’s cavity with a well-defined face-to-face π-π-stacking geometry of the donor and acceptor. This heteroternary, CB[8]-mediated complex offers the opportunity to study the CT phenomena at low concentrations and free from complications arising from any donor-donor and acceptor-acceptor interactions as a result of the large binding affinities and the very high selectivity over the formation of these homoternary complexes. Thus, this supramolocular self-assembly strategy is a practical donor-acceptor mix-and-match approach with synthetic advantages over much more cumbersome tethering schemes. While the characteristic UV/vis features of a few CB[8] ternary systems had been described as a CT band, we present for the first time systematic evidence for the existence of CT interactions between several donor-acceptor pairs that are mediated by the host CB[8]. Correlation of the exptl. obtained CT λ_max to computed HOMO-LUMO energies demonstrated that the CT process in the host’s cavity can be described by the Mulliken model. Furthermore, the literature claim of a “CT driving force” for the formation of CB[8] ternary complexes was scrutinized and evaluated by calorimetric (ITC) and ESI-MS measurements. The findings indicated that neither in the aqueous medium nor in the “gas-phase” is CT of energetic relevance to the Gibbs free binding energy. In contrast, electrostatic considerations combined with solvation effects are much better suited to rationalize the observed trends in binding affinities. Addnl., the CT λ_max was found to be much more red-shifted (â‰?5 nm) inside the CB[8] cavity than in any polar organic solvents or water, indicating a significant stabilization of the CT excited state within the host cavity, further demonstrating the unique electrostatic, polar properties of the host cavity.

Journal of Physical Chemistry B published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C22H18Cl2N2, Name: 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Higashi, Tomohiro published the artcileDiphenyl Viologen on an HOPG Electrode Surface: Less Sharp Redox Wave than Dibenzyl Viologen, Safety of 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, the publication is Langmuir (2013), 29(36), 11516-11524, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Redox behavior of di-Ph viologen (dPhV) on a basal plane of a highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) electrode was described using the results of voltammetric and electroreflectance measurements. Its characteristics were compared to those of dibenzyl viologen (dBV), which undergoes the 1st-order faradaic phase transition. Unlike dBV, dPhV-dication (dPhV²⁺) was found to take a strongly adsorbed state on an HOPG surface. This is due to much stronger π-π interaction between Ph rings of dPhV²⁺ and HOPG surface than between benzyl groups of dBV²⁺ and the surface. The participation of this strongly adsorbed dPhV²⁺ in the redox process can be avoided by (1) a shorter than âˆ? min time period elapsing from touching a freshly cleaved HOPG surface to dPhV solution until the start of potential scan, (2) complete equilibration at the electrode potentials at which superficial dPhV mols. are fully reduced, or (3) multiple cyclic potential scanning to repeat oxidation-reduction of adsorbed species. Even in such conditions, although voltammograms of thin-layer electrochem. for the surface-confined dPhV^â€?/dPhV²⁺ couple were obtained with peak widths being as narrow as those of dBV, it is not the 1st-order phase transition. The participation of strongly adsorbed dPhV²⁺ mols. results in another new voltammetric feature with a broader peak. The film formed by strongly adsorbed dPhV²⁺ was hydrophilic, whereas dBV²⁺ does not form such a film but only a gas-like layer. Measurements using XPS confirmed that the film consists of dPhV²⁺ with coexistent H₂O. These results reveal a typical case that delicate interaction balance among V²⁺, V^â€?, and electrode surface determines whether the two-dimensional 1st-order transition takes place or not.

Langmuir published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C22H18Cl2N2, Safety of 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Latini, Alessandro published the artcileA novel water-resistant and thermally stable black lead halide perovskite, phenyl viologen lead iodide C₂₂H₁₈N₂(PbI₃)₂, Safety of 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, the publication is Dalton Transactions (2020), 49(8), 2616-2627, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A novel black organoammonium iodoplumbate semiconductor, namely Ph viologen lead iodide C₂₂H₁₈N₂(PbI₃)₂ (PhVPI), was successfully synthesized and characterized. This material showed phys. and chem. properties suitable for photovoltaic applications. Indeed, low direct allowed band gap energy (E_g = 1.32 eV) and high thermal stability (up to at least 300°) compared to methylammonium lead iodide CH₃NH₃PbI₃ (MAPI, E_g = 1.5 eV) render PhVPI potentially attractive for solar cell fabrication. The compound was extensively characterized by x-ray diffraction (performed on both powder and single crystals), UV-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-visible DRS), UV-photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), FTIR spectroscopy, TG-DTA, and CHNS anal. Reactivity towards water was monitored through x-ray powder diffraction carried out after prolonged immersion of the material in water at room temperature Unlike its Me ammonium counterpart, PhVPI proved to be unaffected by water exposure. The lack of reactivity towards water is to be attributed to the quaternary nature of the nitrogen atoms of the Ph viologen units that prevents the formation of acid-base equilibrium when in contact with water. However, PhVPI’s thermal stability was evaluated by temperature-controlled powder XRD measurements following an hour-long isothermal treatment at 250 and 300°. In both cases no signs of decomposition could be detected. However, the compound melted incongruently at 332° producing, upon cooling, a mostly amorphous material. PhVPI is slightly soluble in DMF (âˆ? mM) and highly soluble in DMSO. Nevertheless, its solubility in DMF can be dramatically increased by adding an equimolar amount of DMSO. Therefore, Ph viologen lead iodide can be amenable for the fabrication of solar devices by spin coating as actually done for MAPI-based cells. The crystal structure, determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation, turned out to be triclinic and consequently differs from the prototypal perovskite structure. In fact, it comprises infinite double chains of corner-sharing PbI₆ octahedra along the a-axis direction with Ph viologen cations positioned between the columns. Finally, the present determination of PhVPI’s electronic band structure achieved through UPS and UV-visible DRS is instrumental in using the material for solar cells.

Dalton Transactions published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C22H18Cl2N2, Safety of 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Li, Jialing published the artcileReversible Switching of Molecular Conductance in Viologens is Controlled by the Electrochemical Environment, Application of 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, the publication is Journal of Physical Chemistry C (2021), 125(40), 21862-21872, database is CAplus.

Charge transport in electrochem. energy-storage systems critically relies on supporting electrolytes to maintain ionic strength and solution conductivity Despite recent progress, it is not fully understood how the solvation environment affects mol. charge transport of redox-active species near electrode interfaces. The authors characterize the charge-transport properties of bipyridinium mols. in different supporting electrolyte and counterion environments using a combination of experiments and computational modeling. The authors’ results show that mol. charge transport in viologens critically depends on the chem. identity of counterions and the solvation environment. Using an electrochem. scanning tunneling microscope-break junction (ECSTM-BJ) instrument, the authors observe a large and reversible 10-fold enhancement in mol. conductance upon electrochem. reduction of the viologen redox pair (V^2+/+) to the radical cationic state in the electrolytic solution D. functional theory (DFT) simulations show that charge transport is enhanced due to mol. conformational changes and planarization resulting from interactions with different counterions, which ultimately leads to enhanced charge transport in the reduced state. Overall, this work highlights the role of the counterion species on electrochem. charge transport in redox-active mols. that underpin the design of new energy-storage systems or programmable mol. electronic devices.

Journal of Physical Chemistry C published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C22H18Cl2N2, Application of 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Wu, Guanglu published the artcileMining 2:2 Complexes from 1:1 Stoichiometry: Formation of Cucurbit[8]uril-Diarylviologen Quaternary Complexes Favored by Electron-Donating Substituents, Recommanded Product: 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, the publication is Journal of the American Chemical Society (2017), 139(8), 3202-3208, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A 1:1 binding stoichiometry of a host-guest complex need not consist of a single host and guest. Diarylviologens containing electron-donating substituents complexed with cucurbit[8]uril (CB[8]) in a 1:1 stoichiometry exhibit abnormally large binding enthalpies compared to typical enthalpy changes observed for 1:1 binary complexes. Here, several CB[8]-mediated host-guest complexes, which were previously reported as 1:1 binary complexes, are verified to be 2:2 quaternary complexes by a combination of isothermal titration calorimetry, ¹H, NOESY, and ROESY NMR, and ion mobility mass spectrometry, clearly indicating a binding motif of two partially overlapping diarylviologens held in place with two CB[8] mols. Formation of 2:2 quaternary complexes is favored by electron-donating substituents, while electron-withdrawing substituents typically result in 1:1 binary complexes. The stacking of two highly conjugated diarylviologens in one quaternary motif affords the complexes enhanced conductance when considered as a single-mol. conductor. Moreover, an addnl. conducting signal previously observed for this “supramol.” conductor can be readily understood with our 2:2 complexation model, corresponding to a parallel conductance pathway. Therefore, a 2:2 quaternary complex model grants a greater understanding of such supramol. complexes, enabling the design of engineered, hierarchical structures and functional materials.

Journal of the American Chemical Society published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C24H12, Recommanded Product: 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Benyettou, Farah published the artcileViologen-Templated Arrays of Cucurbit[7]uril-Modified Iron-Oxide Nanoparticles, Application In Synthesis of 47369-00-6, the publication is Chemistry – A European Journal (2015), 21(12), 4607-4613, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Magnetic and fluorescent assemblies of iron-oxide nanoparticles (NPs) were constructed by threading a viologen-based ditopic ligand, DPV²⁺, into the cavity of cucurbituril (CB[7]) macrocycles adsorbed on the surface of the NPs. Evidence for the formation of 1:2 inclusion complexes that involve DPV²⁺ and two CB[7] macrocycles was first obtained in solution by ¹H NMR and emission spectroscopy. DPV²⁺ was found to induce self-assembly of nanoparticle arrays (DPV²⁺⊂CB[7]NPs) by bridging CB[7] mols. on different NPs. The resulting viologen-crosslinked iron-oxide nanoparticles exhibited increased saturation magnetization and emission properties. This facile supramol. approach to NP self-assembly provides a platform for the synthesis of smart and innovative materials that can achieve a high degree of functionality and complexity and that are needed for a wide range of applications.

Chemistry – A European Journal published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C22H18Cl2N2, Application In Synthesis of 47369-00-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Kim, Jong-Woo published the artcileFlexible and transparent electrochromic displays with simultaneously implementable subpixelated ion gel-based viologens by multiple patterning, HPLC of Formula: 47369-00-6, the publication is Advanced Functional Materials (2019), 29(13), n/a, database is CAplus.

Electrochromic materials reversibly change colors by redox reactions depending on the oxidation states. To utilize electrochromic materials for active-matrix display applications, an electrochromic display (ECD) requires simultaneous implementation of various colors and a fine-pixelation process. Herein, flexible and transparent ECDs with simultaneously implementable subpixelated EC gels by sequential multiple patterning are successfully demonstrated. Ionic liquid-based EC gels of monoheptyl-viologen, diheptyl-viologen (DHV), and diphenyl-viologen (DPV) are used to create the colors of ECDs: magenta, blue, and green, resp. Especially, to realize an improved green color, DHV-DPV composite gels are synthesized. Three EC gels exhibit stable properties without degradation during repetitive operation. Moreover, a transmittance greater than 90% is maintained in a bleached state, which is sufficient for application as a transparent display. The subpixelation process for multicolored-flexible ECDs is designed to facilitate both easy fabrication and rapid operation with various patterns at low cost. The subpixelated EC gels using a film mask can be implemented to a min. size of 200 μm. Furthermore, the subpixelated flexible ECDs exhibit high durability even after 1000 cycles of mech. bending tests at a bending radius of 10 mm. Therefore, these EC materials can be used directly for flexible and transparent active-matrix displays.

Advanced Functional Materials published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C22H18Cl2N2, HPLC of Formula: 47369-00-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Katakis, D. published the artcilePhotocatalytic splitting of water: increase in conversion and energy storage efficiency, Computed Properties of 47369-00-6, the publication is Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry (1994), 81(2), 103-6, database is CAplus.

The yield of the photocatalytic splitting of water using tris-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-phenyl-1,2-ethylenodithiolenic-S,S’]tungsten as a photocatalyst-catalyst increases by more than three fold on going from 20 to 70°, and there is no indication that the effect levels off at this temperature The intensity of light (within the error limits of our experiments) does not have an appreciable effect. The nature of the reversible electron acceptor also influences the energy storage efficiency, e.g. 1,1-dibenzyl-4,4′-bipyridinium dichloride gives an energy storage efficiency approx. 10% higher than methylviologen. The energy storage efficiency also depends on the presence of electron donors; if Ph₃N is added, the energy storage efficiency increases by 20%. With EDTA the results are even more spectacular; there is a two-fold increase, but only initially. At longer times the system is unstable. Overall light energy storage efficiencies can be as high as 7%, and the expectations for further improvement are very good.

Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology, A: Chemistry published new progress about 47369-00-6. 47369-00-6 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Benzene,Organic ligands for MOF materials,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands,Nitrogen containing MOF ligands, name is 1,1′-Diphenyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium chloride, and the molecular formula is C22H18Cl2N2, Computed Properties of 47369-00-6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem