Category: 52243-87-5

On June 5, 1988, Shosenji, Hideto; Nakano, Yasuhiro; Yamada, Kimiho published an article.Reference of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide The title of the article was Catalytic reduction of diphenylacetylene by zinc over palladium-carbon using viologens as electron mediators. And the article contained the following:

PhCCPh was reduced over Pd/C in methanol-water in presence of zinc using N,N’-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ions (viologens) as mediators to give cis-stilbene as the major product and bibenzyl as the minor one. The reaction involved direct contact of zinc with the catalyst and electron transfer from zinc to Pd via the viologen. The Pd- reduced a proton from H2O to generate H. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).Reference of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide

The Article related to reduction diphenylacetylene zinc viologen palladium, Physical Organic Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction, Including Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis and other aspects.Reference of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

On February 29, 1984, Xiao, Xu Rui; Wang, Ching Bore; Tien, H. Ti published an article.COA of Formula: C16H22Br2N2 The title of the article was Photoreduction of alkyl viologens by zinc tetraphenylporphyrin in organic solvent-water systems. And the article contained the following:

Light-induced redox reactions between Zn meso-tetraphenylporphyrin (ZnTPP) and alkyl viologens (CnV2+) in organic solvent-surfactant-H2O solutions were studied as functions of the organic-solvent content of the solutions, the surfactant charge, and the alkyl viologen hydrophobicity. The best system was an oil-in-water emulsion containing 5 × 10-5 M ZnTPP and 10-3M C10V2+ stabilized by n-C16H33NMe3+ X- (X = Br, Cl) and 6% DMF, AcNMe2 or DMSO in H2O. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).COA of Formula: C16H22Br2N2

The Article related to photoreduction alkyl viologen zinc tetraphenylporphyrin, reduction photochem alkyl viologen, Physical Organic Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction, Including Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis and other aspects.COA of Formula: C16H22Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

On November 26, 2018, Kim, Jae Hyeon; Kim, Gi Han; Kim, Chung Hyo published a patent.Related Products of 52243-87-5 The title of the patent was Optical control device and transparent display device including the same with improved light transmittance. And the patent contained the following:

An optical control device and transparent display device including the same having improved light transmittance and quality is provided. The optical control device comprises a first and second substrate facing each other, a first and a second partition disposed between both the substrate, both the partition holds the gap between the two substrates, first electrode disposed on a side surface of the first partition facing the second partition, second electrode disposed on a side surface of the second partition facing the first partition, light control cell disposed between the first and the second electrode, and a light control cell including a light transmissive variable material that changes light transmittance according to a voltage applied to the first and second electrode. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).Related Products of 52243-87-5

The Article related to optical control transparent display device, Optical, Electron, and Mass Spectroscopy and Other Related Properties: Spectrometers and Optical Apparatus and other aspects.Related Products of 52243-87-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Li, Wen; Xiaoming, Long; Li, Manfu published an article in 1985, the title of the article was Synthesis of viologen compounds.Computed Properties of 52243-87-5 And the article contains the following content:

A series of viologen and polyviologen compounds were prepared by Menshutkin reaction of 4,4′-bipyridine with related alkyl halide. The kinetics of synthesis of polyviologens was studied. The polymerization behaved as step polymerization and proceeded via a second-order reaction in the early period. Both conversion and intrinsic viscosity increased with temperature The polarity of solvent had remarkable influence on the mol. weight of polymer in the precipitation polymerization The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).Computed Properties of 52243-87-5

The Article related to menshutkin reaction bipyridine alkyl halide, kinetics polymerization viologen, solvent effect polyviologen preparation, temperature effect polyviologen preparation, Chemistry of Synthetic High Polymers: Polymerization Kinetics, Mechanisms, Thermodynamics, Catalysis, Catalysts and other aspects.Computed Properties of 52243-87-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

On February 29, 1984, Kamogawa, Hiroyoshi; Masui, Toshiaki; Amemiya, Suguru published an article.Electric Literature of 52243-87-5 The title of the article was Organic solid photochromism by photoreduction mechanism: viologen embedded in solid polar aprotic polymer matrix. And the article contained the following:

Reversible photocolor development of viologens embedded in poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (I) films, a typical polar aprotic solid matrix, was affected by the kinds of viologen cation as well as the paired anion. The color development in the corresponding low-mol.-weight solvents is connected closely to the solubility of viologens in these solvents; viologens are highly sensitive in the polar aprotic solvents in which they have poor solubilities, such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and hexamethylphosphoric triamide. These facts confirm the color-development mechanism consisting of electron transfer to the photoexcited viologen cation from the paired anion in polar aprotic solid matrixes, such as I. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).Electric Literature of 52243-87-5

The Article related to photochromism viologen aprotic polymer matrix, Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic Processes: Radiation Chemistry and Photochemistry and other aspects.Electric Literature of 52243-87-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Kato, Chuzo; Kuroda, Kazuyuki; Sugawara, Yoshiyuki; Miyata, Hirokatsu published an article in 1987, the title of the article was Synthesis of montmorillonite-viologen intercalation compounds and photochromism.HPLC of Formula: 52243-87-5 And the article contains the following content:

Photochromic behavior of viologen I (R = Pr, n-heptyl, benzyl, phenethyl) intercalated into the layers of montmorillonite with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP) and poly(vinyl alc.) (PVA) was studied. When irradiated with a Hg lamp, the intercalation compounds turned blue to give radical cations, whereupon PVP and PVA served as electron donors for reduction of I. The radical cations generated in montmorillonite were more stable than those in the PVP matrix. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).HPLC of Formula: 52243-87-5

The Article related to photoreduction viologen montmorillonite polymer matrix, intercalation compound viologen montmorillonite photochromism, Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic Processes: Radiation Chemistry and Photochemistry and other aspects.HPLC of Formula: 52243-87-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

On August 31, 1993, Kamogawa, Hiroyoshi; Nanasawa, Masato published an article.Related Products of 52243-87-5 The title of the article was Effect of temperature on the color developed by near ultraviolet light for 4,4′-bipyridinium salts (viologens) embedded in poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) matrix. And the article contained the following:

Thermal stability of the colors developed by UV light for 4,4′-bipyridinium salts (viologens) embedded in the glass-sandwiched poly(1-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) is dominated by the kind of counter anion. Temperature increase resulted in either no or slight changes of the colors developed for the major viologens, whereas it resulted in bleaching for some viologen sulfonates. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).Related Products of 52243-87-5

The Article related to bipyridinium salt photochromism vinylpyrrolidone polymer, thermal stability color photoproduct viologen polyvinylpyrrolidone, Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic Processes: Radiation Chemistry and Photochemistry and other aspects.Related Products of 52243-87-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Tahara, Hironobu; Yonemura, Hiroaki; Harada, Satoko; Nakashima, Akio; Yamada, Sunao published an article in 2012, the title of the article was Photoinduced electron-transfer reactions and magnetic field effects on the decay rates of a photogenerated biradical from zinc porphyrin-viologen linked compounds in an ionic liquid.COA of Formula: C16H22Br2N2 And the article contains the following content:

Fluorescence and transient absorption spectra of zinc-porphyrin (ZnP)-viologen linked compounds with various methylene groups indicate that intramol. electron-transfer from the singlet or triplet excited state of ZnP to viologen occurred and a biradical was generated in the ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate) at various temperatures (283-343 K). The decay rate constants of the biradical decreased in 0-0.2∼0.5 T and became constant in 0.2∼0.5-1 T. Unique effects of temperature and methylene chain length on electron-transfer and magnetic field effects were observed and are probably due to the properties of the ionic liquid as compared with benzonitrile. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).COA of Formula: C16H22Br2N2

The Article related to photoinduced intramol electron transfer zinc porphyrin viologen dyad kinetics, magnetic field zinc porphyrin viologen dyad photochem ionic liquid, Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic Processes: Radiation Chemistry and Photochemistry and other aspects.COA of Formula: C16H22Br2N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

On February 15, 1987, Kamogawa, Hiroyoshi; Suzuki, Tsuyoshi published an article.Category: pyridine-derivatives The title of the article was Photochromism of viologen crystals. And the article contained the following:

Some viologen crystals bearing a p-toluenesulfonate anion as a counter ion exhibit reversible photoreductions (photochromism) either in air or in vacuum. In a poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) matrix all investigated viologens indicated reversible photocolor developments. Amphoteric ions such as 1,1′-bis(3-sulfonatoporpyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium also developed colors with high stabilities. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).Category: pyridine-derivatives

The Article related to photochromism viologen crystal toluenesulfonate counterion, Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic Processes: Photochromic, Thermochromic, and Electrochromic Imaging Systems and other aspects.Category: pyridine-derivatives

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mortimer, Roger J.; Dillingham, Joanne L. published an article in 1997, the title of the article was Electrochromic 1,1′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium-incorporated Nafion electrodes.Application of 52243-87-5 And the article contains the following content:

The sym. 1,1′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridynium salts (alkyl = Me, Et, Pr, Bu, n-pentyl, n-hexyl) can be electrostatically incorporated into Nafion films to produce electrochromic electrodes. A trend from purple to pink in the color of the radical-cation redox state is observed This has been interpreted by in situ visible absorption spectroelectrochem. measurements as being due to a higher incidence of radical-cation dimers in the Nafion films with increase in alkyl chain length. Response times for coloration are shorter than for bleaching, owing to the slower phys. diffusion of the radical-cation dimers. The 1,1′-di-n-heptyl-4,4′-bipyridinium system was not incorporated into the Nafion structure and impede extensive incorporation into the bulk of the anionic polyelectrolyte. The presence of an inner Prussian blue layer in a Prussian blue/Nafion (1,1′-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium) bilayer configuration permits five-color polyelectrochromicity at a single electrode. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).Application of 52243-87-5

The Article related to nafion alkylbipyridinum salt electrochromic electrode, electrochromism nafion incorporated alkylbipyridinum salt, Radiation Chemistry, Photochemistry, and Photographic and Other Reprographic Processes: Photochromic, Thermochromic, and Electrochromic Imaging Systems and other aspects.Application of 52243-87-5

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem