Category: 971-66-4

Galuashvili, Zh. S. published the artcileEnergy of triphenylboron pπ-conjugation, Product Details of C23H20BN, the publication is Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (1972), 207(1), 99-101 [Chem], database is CAplus.

Heats of formation of complexes of Ph3B with pyridine (I) and 4-methylpyridine and of Et3B with I, and their dipole moments in C6H6 and dioxane were determined and used to evaluate pπ-resonance in Ph3B. The low value of pπ-resonance in Ph3B is about an order of magnitude smaller than that of π-bonding, calling for care in the use of quantum-mechanics calculations in estimation of rearrangement energies in electron acceptor mols. The degree of charge transfer in these complexes was 0.45 for those of Ph3B and 0.34 for Et3B-I.

Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Product Details of C23H20BN.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Fernandez, M. A. published the artcileNew approaches for monitoring the marine environment: the case of antifouling paints, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives, the publication is International Journal of Environment and Health (2007), 1(3), 427-448, database is CAplus.

A review. Protection of ships hulls against biofouling has been a problem since man began sailing the seas. The most common protections are specially produced antifouling paints. These paints could be broadly classified in three main groups, or generations, depending on the technol. applied: first generation copper-based, second generation organotin-based, and the new, third generation, organotin-free antifouling paints. Most of these new paints contain biocides, and consequently are also toxic. To further complicate risk evaluations, synergistic effects occurred when mixtures were tested. Some researchers have pointed out the risk of employing these compounds without a deep knowledge of their environmental behavior and their effects on marine communities. However, the transition from second to third generation antifoulings is now a reality. Therefore, in this paper, considerations on the chem. and ecotoxicol. information required and proposals for approaches to deal with the new antifouling problems are discussed.

International Journal of Environment and Health published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Greenwood, Norman N. published the artcileProperties and thermochemistry of complexes of pyridine with triphenyl-boron, -aluminum, -gallium, and -indium, and diphenylgallium chloride, Recommanded Product: Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, the publication is Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical (1969), 249-53, database is CAplus.

Pyridine reacts with crystalline Ph3B, Ph3Al, Ph3Ga, Ph3In, and Ph2GaCl to give white 1:1 complexes which are monomeric in benzene solution The melting points and heats of formation of the solid adducts from liquid pyridine and crystalline acceptors are: Ph3B. py, 240°, 17.9 kcal. mole-1; Ph3Al.py, 168°, 22.3 kcal. mole-1; Ph3Ga.py, 167°, 19.5 kcal. mole-1; Ph3In.py, 130°, 13.9 kcal. mole-1; Ph2GaCl.py, 18.0 kcal. mole.-1 The problems attending the estimation of gas-phase heats of formation and the calculation of reorganization energies are discussed and the results compared with those available on other Group III acceptors.

Journal of the Chemical Society [Section] A: Inorganic, Physical, Theoretical published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Recommanded Product: Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Onduka, Toshimitsu published the artcileToxicity of Degradation Products of the Antifouling Biocide Pyridine Triphenylborane to Marine Organisms, Synthetic Route of 971-66-4, the publication is Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (2013), 65(4), 724-732, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum, the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus, and 2 teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S. costatum, T. japonicus, red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200-310 μg/L, resp. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S. costatum and T. japonicus; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S. costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T. japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m² of 290-700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S. costatum and T. japonicus were <10 % of the corresponding concentrations of its degradation products, PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Synthetic Route of 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mochida, Kazuhiko published the artcileUse of species sensitivity distributions to predict no-effect concentrations of an antifouling biocide, pyridine triphenylborane, for marine organisms, SDS of cas: 971-66-4, the publication is Marine Pollution Bulletin (2012), 64(12), 2807-2814, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We used species sensitivity distributions (SSDs) and a Bayesian statistical model to carry out a primary risk assessment for pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB) in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. We used SSDs derived from toxicity values, such as EC₅₀ and LC₅₀, obtained from this study and previous work to calculate hazardous concentrations that should protect 95% and 99% of species (HC₅ and HC₁) and demonstrated that the medians of the HC₅ and HC₁ were 0.78 and 0.17 μg/L, resp. We also used liquid chromatog./mass spectrometry to investigate the occurrence of PTPB in seawater from several coastal sites of Hiroshima Bay and detected PTPB at concentrations of 4.8-21 pg/L. Comparison of environmental concentrations to the HC values suggests that the current ecol. risk posed by PTPB in Hiroshima Bay is low. This is the first report of the detection of PTPB in the natural marine environment.

Marine Pollution Bulletin published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, SDS of cas: 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhou, Xiaojian published the artcileApplicability of luminescent assay using fresh cells of Vibrio fischeri for toxicity evaluation, Recommanded Product: Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, the publication is Journal of Health Science (2006), 52(6), 811-816, database is CAplus.

Toxicities of antifouling chems. and natural marine samples were evaluated by three assays, among which bioluminescence assay using freshly incubated Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri) cells (NZ assay) and MicroTox were regarded as short-term assays, and growth inhibition assay was conducted as long-term assay. Short-term toxicity levels evaluated by NZ assay were in good agreement with those by MicroTox assay for all of the samples examined Based on the EC₅₀ values of each chem. by resp. assay, NZ assay showed prior reproducibility and similar levels of sensitivity when compared with those of MicroTox assay. On the other hand, growth inhibition assay showed lower sensitivity and reproducibility than NZ and MicroTox assays. Four kinds of antifouling chems., Irgarol 1051, Diuron, thiabendazole (TBDZ), and N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N’,N’-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide (DCF), were detected to possess delayed toxicity from the judgments on the difference of short-term and long-term toxicities. Four out of 16-seawater samples collected in Japan showed remarkable toxicity in NZ assay, suggesting that they were contaminated by several types of antifouling chems. Considering time consumed, facility for operation, cost, and requirements, NZ assay was proved to be efficient for toxicity evaluations for artificial and natural samples.

Journal of Health Science published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O4, Recommanded Product: Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhou, Xiaojian published the artcileAbiotic degradation of triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP) antifouling agent in water, Computed Properties of 971-66-4, the publication is Chemosphere (2007), 67(10), 1904-1910, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The abiotic degradation of the new antifouling agent, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), was studied in buffer solutions of pH 5, 7, and 9, and in artificial and natural seawater to estimate environmental fate of TPBP. The TPBP in these waters was decomposed by a 7-day hydrolysis process at 50° both in the dark and a photolysis process under UV-A irradiation using a high-pressure Hg lamp for â‰?4 h. TPBP hydrolysis was significantly enhanced by acidic pH solutions The photolysis rate of TPBP was higher in acidic pH solutions than in neutral or basic pH solutions, and was highest in natural seawater, which could have contained naturally dissolved organic matter. Two degradation products, phenol and an unknown substance (Peak #1), were observed during the hydrolysis and photolysis studies of TPBP. The concentration of these substances after a 1-day photolysis treatment was higher than after a 7-day hydrolysis treatment. The degradation rate of TPBP in the 5 test water samples was related to the simultaneous photolysis formation of phenol and Peak #1. However, the degradation rate of TPBP was not related to the formation of the hydrolysis products. It is suggested that photodegradation of TPBP follows a different pathway to the hydrolysis degradation of TPBP. Our results indicate the chem. and photochem. reaction of TPBP in water occurs in natural aquatic environments.

Chemosphere published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C10H15NO, Computed Properties of 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Tsuboi, Ai published the artcileDegradation of triphenylborane-pyridine antifouling agent in water by copper ions, Formula: C23H20BN, the publication is Environmental Technology (2013), 34(20), 2835-2840, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Triphenylborane-pyridine (TPBP) is an antifouling compound used in Asian countries, including Japan, and its residue has not been detected in aquatic environments to date. There are limited data on its fate for environmental management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether TPBP is degraded by metal ions in aquatic environments. TPBP with metal ions in 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 8.0 was placed at 25°C in the dark for 24 h. The concentrations of TPBP and its degradation products, such as diphenylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid (MPB), phenol, benzene, biphenyl, and boron were determined The presence of copper ions (50 mg/l), but not zinc or manganese ions, resulted in complete degradation of TPBP in 24 h. The TPBP degradation was much faster than the boron production in the initial reaction (0-1 h) with copper salts, depending on the copper salts tested. TPBP was degraded by copper ions (5 mg/l) in 24 h, producing phenol, MPB, biphenyl, and borate. Cu²⁺ as copper(II) chloride or copper(II) acetate led to complete degradation of TPBP, and EDTA disodium salt addition suppressed the TPBP degradation Cu⁺ as copper(I) acetate also completely degraded TPBP, and bathocuproine addition suppressed the TPBP degradation This suggests that copper ions existing in natural environments might degrade TPBP released from antifouling paint into water, and this could be one of the important mechanisms to dissipate TPBP residues in aquatic environments.

Environmental Technology published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C14H12N2S, Formula: C23H20BN.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Tsuboi, Ai published the artcileEffects of light on the fate of triphenylborane compounds in water, Application of Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, the publication is Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi (2012), 66(5), 275-282, database is CAplus.

Anti-fouling agents are usually applied to ship hulls to prevent worsening of fuel consumption rates resulting from the buildup of marine organisms, such as barnacles and bivalves, which become attached to the surfaces of ship hulls. Triphenylborane compounds (TPBP, TPBOA, OPA) are popular antifouling agents mainly used in Japan, but there is little information available on its fate and ecotoxicity in aquatic environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of light on the fate of three triphenylborane compounds in water. The solutions containing triphenylborane compound irradiated with white fluorescent lamp for up to 48 h were subjected for chem. anal. of triphenylborane compounds and its degradation products and for ecotoxicity assessment to marine photo bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri and crustacean Artemia salina. TPBOA and OPA were quant. analyzed as TPBP with adding excess amount pyridine. Triphenylborane compounds in 2% sodium chloride solution and artificial seawater were degraded with irradiation of white fluorescent lamp. The 30-min EC₅₀ values of the triphenylborane compounds for photo bacteria were ranging in 0.27 âˆ?1.0 and the 48-h LC₅₀ values of them for crustacean were ranging in 0.079 âˆ?0.26 μ M, resp. Crustacean was more susceptible to triphenylborane compounds than photo bacteria. Ecotoxicity of the solution was reduced by irradiation of white fluorescent lamp. Crustacean lethality by triphenylborane compounds was well expressed with the concentration after exposure regardless of the treatments. It was suggested that unknown products, might have produced, had less ecotoxicity.

Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C7H7ClN2S, Application of Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mieno, Hirohisa published the artcileToxic effects of alternative antifouling biocides on marine zooplankton and phytoplankton, COA of Formula: C23H20BN, the publication is Yosui to Haisui (2004), 46(12), 1031-1036, database is CAplus.

The toxic effects of antifouling biocides as alternatives of TBT, TBTO and the like on marine zooplankton and phytoplankton were assessed; the used biocides were Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Sea-Nine 211, Zinc pyrithione, Copper pyrithione, Tri-Ph borane pyridine (KH101). Zinc di-Me dithiocarbamate and N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)maleimide (TCPM); in addition, Cu²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and DMSO were examd; the used phytoplankton were Skeletonema costatum (NIES-323) and the used zooplankton were Artemia saline. The bioassay examination for the phytoplankton were performed based on the ISO 10253 (1995) method; for the zooplankton, Artoxkit M (Microbiotest corporation) with a microplate was used. Values of NOEC and 72-h EC₅₀ for S. costatum, and 48-h LC₁₀ and 48-h LC₅₀ for A. salina were determined for each of the biocides, and metals also. The values of 72-h EC₅₀ were 0.85-21 μg/L; the ones of 48-h LC₅₀ were 28-7400 μg/L. The biocides showed higher sensitivities than the metals. The risk assessment in the maline environment also was tried based on the obtained data and published data for the highest concentrations of the residual biocides in maline water (HCRB) in references; the assessment were relied on risk coefficients determined in an equation: risk coefficient = (HCRB)/(NOEC or LOEC). The values of NOEC and LOEC were discussed of many countries.

Yosui to Haisui published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, COA of Formula: C23H20BN.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem