Category: 98-98-6

《Picolinic acid, a tryptophan oxidation product, does not impact bone mineral density but increases marrow adiposity》 was published in Experimental Gerontology in 2020. These research results belong to Ding, Kehong; McGee-Lawrence, Meghan E.; Kaiser, Helen; Sharma, Anuj K.; Pierce, Jessica L.; Irsik, Debra L.; Bollag, Wendy B.; Xu, Jianrui; Zhong, Qing; Hill, William; Shi, Xing-Ming; Fulzele, Sadanand; Kennedy, Eileen J.; Elsalanty, Mohammed; Hamrick, Mark W.; Isales, Carlos M.. Recommanded Product: 98-98-6 The article mentions the following:

Tryptophan is an essential amino acid catabolized initially to kynurenine (kyn), an immunomodulatory metabolite that we have previously shown to promote bone loss. Kyn levels increase with aging and have also been associated with neurodegenerative disorders. Picolinic acid (PA) is another tryptophan metabolite downstream of kyn. However, in contrast to kyn, PA is reported to be neuroprotective and further, to promote osteogenesis in vitro. Thus, we hypothesized that PA might be osteoprotective in vivo. In an IACUC-approved protocol, we fed PA to aged (23-mo-old) C57BL/6 mice for eight weeks. In an effort to determine potential interactions of PA with dietary protein we also fed PA in a low-protein diet (8%). The mice were divided into four groups: Control (18% dietary protein), +PA (700 ppm); Low-protein (8%), +PA (700 ppm). The PA feedings had no impact on mouse weight, body composition or bone d. At sacrifice bone and stem cells were collected for anal., including μCT and RT-qPCR. Addition of PA to the diet had no impact on trabecular bone parameters. However, marrow adiposity was significantly increased in PA-fed mice, and in bone marrow stromal cells isolated from these mice increases in the expression of the lipid storage genes, Plin1 and Cidec, were observed Thus, as a downstream metabolite of kyn, PA no longer showed kyn′s detrimental effects on bone but instead appears to impact energy balance. The experimental process involved the reaction of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Recommanded Product: 98-98-6)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Recommanded Product: 98-98-6

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Organic Letters included an article by Begam, Hasina Mamataj; Choudhury, Rajarshee; Behera, Ashok; Jana, Ranjan. Electric Literature of C6H5NO2. The article was titled 《Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Ortho C(sp2)-H Amination of Aryl Amines: Dramatic Reactivity of Bicyclic System》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A practical copper-catalyzed, 2-picolinamide-directed ortho C-H amination of anilines with benzoyl-protected hydroxylamines was disclosed that proceeds smoothly without any external stoichiometric oxidant or additives. Remarkably, besides anilines, bicyclic naphthyl or heterocyclic amines furnished amination products with five- and six-membered cyclic and acyclic amines at the ortho position selectively. This electrophilic C-H amination also proceeds smoothly in water under slightly modified reaction conditions.Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Electric Literature of C6H5NO2) was used in this study.

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Electric Literature of C6H5NO2

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
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In 2019,Materials Today: Proceedings included an article by Viju, G.; Chandrasekar, M.; Sundhari, D.; Sivakumar, S.; Raja Saravanan, M. E.; Uthrakumar, R.; Inmozhi, C.. Electric Literature of C6H5NO2. The article was titled 《Growth and characterization of an organic non linear Optical single crystal: BisPicolonium Tartrate》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

BisPicolonium tartrate (BPT) is an organic nonlinear optical crystal has been synthesized and grown by slow evaporation technique. Single crystal X-ray diffraction study reveals that the crystal belongs to triclinic system. Powder X-ray diffraction was recorded and the peaks were indexed. The functional groups present in the crystal were interpreted by FTIR spectral anal. Optical absorption spectrum shows that the crystal is transparent in the entire visible region. The study of dielec. constant and dielec. loss for the grown crystal were carried out. The relative SHG efficiency of the material was investigated. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Electric Literature of C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Electric Literature of C6H5NO2

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
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The author of 《Cocrystals of Leflunomide: Design, Structural, and Physicochemical Evaluation》 were Cadden, Joseph; Klooster, Wim T.; Coles, Simon J.; Aitipamula, Srinivasulu. And the article was published in Crystal Growth & Design in 2019. Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2 The author mentioned the following in the article:

The use of cocrystn. as a tool to improve the pharmaceutical profile of the low-solubility drug leflunomide, used in the treatment of arthritis, is herein evaluated. Judicious selection of coformers based upon knowledge-based strategy and crystal engineering principles resulted in new cocrystals with pyrogallol, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2-picolinic acid, and 2-aminopyrimidine. Characterization and structure determination of these systems were performed using x-ray diffraction. Crystal structure anal. revealed that the H bonding in the crystal structures corroborates well with the knowledge-based prediction tool. Physicochem. properties such as thermal behavior, stability, solubility, and dissolution rate of the pharmaceutically acceptable cocrystals were evaluated to assess their impact on the pharmaceutical profile of leflunomide. When compared with their parent compound leflunomide and the phys. mixtures, cocrystals exhibit improved physicochem. properties, showing their potential for development of new solid dosage forms. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
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In 2019,Biosensors & Bioelectronics included an article by Song, Juan; Ni, Jiancong; Wang, Qinghua; Chen, Huangcan; Gao, Feng; Lin, Zhenyu; Wang, Qingxiang. Reference of Picolinic acid. The article was titled 《A planar and uncharged copper(II)-picolinic acid chelate: Its intercalation to duplex DNA by experimental and theoretical studies and electrochemical sensing application》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Using an external redox-active mol. as a DNA hybridization indicator is still a popular strategy in electrochem. DNA biosensors because it is label-free and the multi-site binding can enhance the response signal. A planar and uncharged transition metal complex, Cu(PA)2 (PA = picolinic acid) with excellent electrochem. activity has been synthesized and its interaction with double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is studied by exptl. electrochem. methods and theor. mol. docking technol. The exptl. results reveal that the copper complex interacts with dsDNA via specific intercalation, which is verified by the mol. docking result. The surface-based voltammetric anal. demonstrates that the planar Cu(PA)2 can effectively accumulate within the electrode-confined hybridized duplex DNA rather than the single-stranded probe DNA. Based on this phenomenon, the Cu(PA)2 is utilized as an electrochem. hybridization indicator for the detection of oligonucleotides. The sensing assays show that upon incubation in Cu(PA)2 solution, the probe electrode does not display any Faraday signal, but the hybridized one has a pair of strong redox peaks corresponding to the electrochem. of Cu(PA)2, showing excellent hybridization indicating function of Cu(PA)2 without background interference. The signal intensity of Cu(PA)2 is dependent on the concentrations of the target oligonucleotide ranging from 1 fM to 100 nM with an exptl. detection limit of 1.0 fM. Due to the specific intercalation of Cu(PA)2 with dsDNA, the biosensor also exhibits good ability to recognize oligonucleotide with different base mismatching degree. After reading the article, we found that the author used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Reference of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Reference of Picolinic acid

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Neurobiology of Aging included an article by Jacobs, Kelly R.; Lim, Chai K.; Blennow, Kaj; Zetterberg, Henrik; Chatterjee, Pratishtha; Martins, Ralph N.; Brew, Bruce J.; Guillemin, Gilles J.; Lovejoy, David B.. HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6. The article was titled 《Correlation between plasma and CSF concentrations of kynurenine pathway metabolites in Alzheimer’s disease and relationship to amyloid-β and tau》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Chronic kynurenine pathway (KP) activation is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiol. and results in quinolinic acid-induced excitotoxic stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. However, most studies focus on plasma and it is unclear if peripheral concentrations reflect brain concentrations and how these may correlate to the AD biomarkers amyloid-β, total-tau (t-tau), or phosphorylated-tau (p-tau). We characterized the KP in matched plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 20 AD patients and 18 age-matched control subjects. Plasma concentrations of kynurenine (KYN), 3-hydroxykynurenine, anthranilic acid, picolinic acid, and neopterin significantly correlated with their resp. CSF levels. In patients with AD, plasma KYN (r = -0.48, p = 0.033) and picolinic acid (r = -0.57, p = 0.009) inversely correlated with CSF p-tau and t-tau, resp. Furthermore, in AD CSF, increased 3-hydroxykynurenine/KYN ratio correlated with t-tau (r = 0.58, p = 0.009) and p-tau (r = 0.52, p = 0.020). These data support KP involvement in AD pathogenesis and add to the case for the therapeutic modulation of the KP in AD. In addition to this study using Picolinic acid, there are many other studies that have used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6) was used in this study.

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.HPLC of Formula: 98-98-6

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
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Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acidIn 2020 ,《Ilex paraguariensis, white mulberry and chromium picolinate in patients with pre-diabetes》 appeared in Phytotherapy Research. The author of the article were Derosa, Giuseppe; D’Angelo, Angela; Maffioli, Pamela. The article conveys some information:

To evaluate if a nutraceutical compound containing Ilex paraguariensis, White Mulberry and Chromium Picolinate can ameliorate glycemic status in patients with pre-diabetes. We enrolled patients with IFG or IGT, not taking other hypoglycemic compounds Patients were randomized to take placebo or the nutraceutical compound for 3 mo, in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Both treatments were self-administered once a day, 1 tablet during the breakfast. A reduction of FPG was observed with the nutraceutical combination (-7.8%). Furthermore, there was a decrease of HOMA-IR with the nutraceutical combination (-7.9%). M value was higher (p < 0.05 vs baseline and p < 0.05 vs placebo) at the end of the treatment. We obtained a reduction of Tg with the nutraceutical combination (-8.3%). About 16.6% of patients treated with nutraceutical returned to have a normal glycemia (< 100 mg/dL), and all patients had an improvement of insulin-resistance, in particular 67% of patients returned to have a M value inside range of normal insulin sensitivity. A nutraceutical containing Ilex paraguariensis, White Mulberry and Chromium Picolinate at 500 mg can be helpful in improving glycemia and Tg value, in patients with pre-diabetes. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid

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Mandal, Vivekananda; Ghosh, Narendra Nath; Mitra, Prashanta Kumar; Mandal, Sukhendu; Mandal, Vivekananda published an article in 2022. The article was titled 《Production and characterization of a broad-spectrum antimicrobial 5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid from Aspergillus fumigatus nHF-01》, and you may find the article in Scientific Reports.Reference of Picolinic acid The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Abstract: The present study aims at the production optimization, purification, and characterization of a potent broad-spectrum antimicrobial compound (AMC) produced by Aspergillus fumigatus nHF-01 (GenBank Ac. Number MN190286). The culture conditions were optimized for a higher amount of AMC. The AMC was solvent extracted and characterized by UV-Vis, FT-IR, ESI-MS, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The MIC, MBC and mode of action were determined against a set of Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. human pathogenic bacteria. Its antibiofilm, synergistic and cytotoxic effects were also tested. The putative target site of action was evaluated through in silico mol. docking study. The stain A. fumigatus nHF-01 produced the maximum AMC (5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid) in 2% MEB (w/v) and 4% YE (w/v) at pH 6.0 and 20 °C temperature with 100 rpm agitation for ten days. It caused complete lethality of the Gram-pos. and Gram-neg. human pathogenic bacteria at a 129 μg/mL dose by rupture and entire dissolution of cell integrity. It showed moderate antibiofilm activity and had a synergistic activity with streptomycin and additive effects with ciprofloxacin and vancomycin. It targets a respiratory enzyme, Quinol-Fumarate Reductase (1l0v), with the highest binding affinities. It had cytotoxicity against human lung carcinoma A549 cell line and was stable up to 100 °C. Thus, the study revealed that the strain A. fumigatus nHF-01 produces a potent broad-spectrum AMC 5-butyl-2-pyridine carboxylic acid that could be used against human food and topical pathogenic bacteria. This is the first report of such a compound produced from the A. fumigatus. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Reference of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Reference of Picolinic acid

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COA of Formula: C6H5NO2In 2022 ,《Synthesis and Evaluation of Novel 111In-Labeled Picolinic Acid-Based Radioligands Containing an Albumin Binder for Development of a Radiotheranostic Platform》 appeared in Molecular Pharmaceutics. The author of the article were Iikuni, Shimpei; Tarumizu, Yuta; Tsuchihashi, Shohei; Ohara, Takaki; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Ono, Masahiro. The article conveys some information:

Picolinic acid-based metallic chelators, e.g., neunpa and octapa, have attracted much attention as promising scaffolds for radiotheranostic agents, particularly those containing larger α-emitting radiometals. Furthermore, albumin binder (ALB) moieties, which noncovalently bind to albumin, have been utilized to improve the pharmacokinetics of radioligands targeting various biomols. In this study, we designed and synthesized novel neunpa and octapa derivatives (Neunpa-2 and Octapa-2, resp.), which contained a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-binding moiety (model targeting vector) and an ALB moiety. We evaluated the fundamental properties of these derivatives as radiotheranostic agents using 111In. In a cell-binding assay using LNCaP (PSMA-pos.) cells, [111In]In-Neunpa-2 and [111In]In-Octapa-2 specifically bound to the LNCaP cells. In addition, a human serum albumin (HSA)-binding assay revealed that [111In]In-Neunpa-2 and [111In]In-Octapa-2 exhibited greater binding to HSA than their non-ALB-conjugated counterparts ([111In]In-Neunpa-1 and [111In]In-Octapa-1, resp.). A biodistribution assay conducted in LNCaP tumor-bearing mice showed that the introduction of the ALB moiety into the 111In-labeled neunpa and octapa derivatives resulted in markedly enhanced tumor uptake and retention of the radioligands. Furthermore, single-photon emission computed tomog. imaging of LNCaP tumor-bearing mice with [111In]In-Octapa-2 produced tumor images. These results indicate that [111In]In-Octapa-2 may be a useful PSMA imaging probe and that picolinic acid-based ALB-conjugated radiometallic complexes may be promising candidates as radiotheranostic agents. In the experiment, the researchers used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6COA of Formula: C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.COA of Formula: C6H5NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Arroyo Negrete, Missael Antonio; Wrobel, Kazimierz; Yanez Barrientos, Eunice; Corrales Escobosa, Alma Rosa; Enciso Donis, Israel; Wrobel, Katarzyna published an article in Talanta. The title of the article was 《Determination of chromium(III) picolinate in dietary supplements by flow injection – electrospray ionization – tandem mass spectrometry, using cobalt(II) picolinate as internal standard》.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid The author mentioned the following in the article:

In this work, a principle of flow injection anal. (FIA) was applied for sample introduction to an electrospray ionization – ion trap mass spectrometer (ESI-ITMS) with the aim to quantify chromium(III) picolinate (CrPic3) in com. supplements by multiple reaction monitoring, and using cobalt(II) picolinate as internal standard (IS). FIA system was operated with ammonium formate 10 mmol L-1 in methanol-water (1:1, volume/volume) as a carrier solution at a flow rate 200μL min-1; 100μL injections were performed in 2-min intervals. Setting ion transitions m/z 419 → 270 and 304 → 260 for the analyte and IS, resp., and 100 ms integration time, the method detection and quantification limits 12 ng g-1 and 40 ng g-1 of Cr (as CrPic3) in the air-dried powder. Acetonitrile extracts of the real-world samples presented varying from sample-to-sample chem. composition and IS efficiently compensated for ionization interferences. Mean results from triplicate anal. of four different supplements were obtained with relative standard deviation 0.1-4.0%, indicating acceptable precision. Trueness of the proposed FIA-ESI-ITMS/MS procedure was demonstrated by 95.8-108% percentage recoveries attained in the anal. of the CrPic3-spiked samples. For comparative purposes, total Cr was determined by ICP-MS. The quant. results obtained indicate the necessity of anal. control of Cr(III) supplements com. available and demonstrate that the proposed FIA-ESI-ITMS/MS procedure is well-suited for the determination of CrPic3 in such products. After reading the article, we found that the author used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem