Category: 98-98-6

《Biallelic variants in KYNU cause a multisystemic syndrome with hand hyperphalangism》 was written by Ehmke, Nadja; Cusmano-Ozog, Kristina; Koenig, Rainer; Holtgrewe, Manuel; Nur, Banu; Mihci, Ercan; Babcock, Holly; Gonzaga-Jauregui, Claudia; Overton, John D.; Xiao, Jing; Martinez, Ariel F.; Muenke, Maximilian; Balzer, Alexander; Jochim, Judith; El Choubassi, Naji; Fischer-Zirnsak, Bjoern; Huber, Celine; Kornak, Uwe; Elsea, Sarah H.; Cormier-Daire, Valerie; Ferreira, Carlos R.. Application of 98-98-6 And the article was included in Bone (New York, NY, United States) in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Catel-Manzke syndrome is characterized by the combination of Pierre Robin sequence and radial deviation, shortening as well as clinodactyly of the index fingers, due to an accessory ossification center. Mutations in TGDS have been identified as one cause of Catel-Manzke syndrome, but cannot be found as causative in every patient with the clin. diagnosis. We performed a chromosome microarray and/or exome sequencing in three patients with hand hyperphalangism, heart defect, short stature, and mild to severe developmental delay, all of whom were initially given a clin. diagnosis of Catel-Manzke syndrome. In one patient, we detected a large deletion of exons 1-8 and the missense variant c.1282C > T (p.Arg428Trp) in KYNU (NM_003937.2), whereas homozygous missense variants in KYNU were found in the other two patients (c.989G > A (p.Arg330Gln) and c.326G > C (p.Trp109Ser)). Plasma and urine metabolomic anal. of two patients indicated a block along the tryptophan catabolic pathway and urine organic acid anal. showed excretion of xanthurenic acid. Biallelic loss-of-function mutations in KYNU were recently described as a cause of NAD deficiency with vertebral, cardiac, renal and limb defects; however, no hand hyperphalangism was described in those patients, and Catel-Manzke syndrome was not discussed as a differential diagnosis. In conclusion, we present unrelated patients identified with biallelic variants in KYNU leading to kynureninase deficiency and xanthurenic aciduria as a very likely cause of their hyperphalangism, heart defect, short stature, and developmental delay. We suggest performance of urine organic acid anal. in patients with suspected Catel-Manzke syndrome, particularly in those with cardiac or vertebral defects or without mutations in TGDS. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application of 98-98-6)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Application of 98-98-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《The bioavailability of iron picolinate is comparable to iron sulfate when fortified into a complementary fruit yogurt: a stable iron isotope study in young women》 was written by Sabatier, Magalie; Grathwohl, Dominik; Beaumont, Maurice; Groulx, Karine; Guignard, Laurence F.; Kastenmayer, Peter; Dubascoux, Stephane; Richoz, Janique; Habeych, Edwin; Zeder, Christophe; Moretti, Diego; Zimmermann, Michael B.. Name: Picolinic acid And the article was included in European Journal of Nutrition in 2020. The article conveys some information:

A technol. gap exists for the iron (Fe) fortification of difficult-to-fortify products, such as wet and acid food products containing polyphenols, with stable and bioavailable Fe. Fe picolinate, a novel food ingredient, was found to be stable over time in this type of matrix. The objective of this study was to measure the Fe bioavailability of Fe picolinate in a complementary fruit yogurt. The bioavailability of Fe picolinate was determined using stable iron isotopes in a double blind, randomized cross-over design in non-anemic Swiss women (n = 19; 25.1 ± 4.6 years). Fractional Fe absorption was measured from Fe picolinate (2.5 mg 57Fe per serving in two servings given morning and afternoon) and from Fe sulfate (2.5 mg 54Fe per serving in two servings given morning and afternoon) in a fortified dairy complementary food (i.e. yogurt containing fruits). Fe absorption was determined based on erythrocyte incorporation of isotopic labels 14 days after consumption of the last test meal. Geometric mean (95% CI) fractional iron absorption from Fe picolinate and Fe sulfate were not significantly different: 5.2% (3.8-7.2%) and 5.3% (3.8-7.3%) (N.S.), resp. Relative bioavailability of Fe picolinate vs. Fe sulfate was 0.99 (0.85-1.15). Therefore, Fe picolinate is a promising compound for the fortification of difficult-to-fortify foods, to help meet Fe requirements of infants, young children and women of childbearing age. In addition to this study using Picolinic acid, there are many other studies that have used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Name: Picolinic acid) was used in this study.

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Name: Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Inorganic Chemistry Communications included an article by Shi, Shihang; Duan, Jiaru; Jiang, Jun; Chen, Lijuan; Zhao, Junwei. Related Products of 98-98-6. The article was titled 《A novel inorganic-organic hybrid 3d-4f heterometallic germanotungstate based on saturated Keggin-type [α-GeW12O40]4- polyanion》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

An arrestive 2-picolinic acid functionalized 3d-4f heterometallic germanotungstate based on plenary α-Keggin [GeW12O40]4- polyanion [Cu2(PA)3(H2O)3][Gd(H2O)8]0.5[Cu2(PA)3(H2O)4]H0.5[α-GeW12O40]·5H2O (1) was synthesized by reaction of Na2WO4·2H2O, GeO2, Gd(NO3)3·6H2O, CuCl2·2H2O and 2-picolinic acid (HPA) in aqueous solution The polyoxoanion unit of 1 consists of a plenary Keggin [α-GeW12O40]4- anion with a decorated [Cu2(PA)3(H2O)3]+ cation and a decorated 3d-4f heterometallic {[Gd(H2O)8]0.5[Cu2(PA)3(H2O)4]}2.5+ segment and neighboring polyoxoanion units are further expanded into a 1-D chain alignment through unique bridging di-copper [Cu2(PA)3(H2O)3]+ linkers. Furthermore, the electrochem. properties of the 1@CMWCNTs-Nafion/GCE electrochem. sensor was investigated, which shows a good stability and a good sensing performance toward the dopamine detection. This research offers the possibility of organic-inorganic hybrid heterometallic germanotungstates for serving as electrode response materials.Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Related Products of 98-98-6) was used in this study.

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Related Products of 98-98-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Hydrogen-bond-driven thiouracil dissolution in aqueous ionic liquid: A combined microscopic, spectroscopic and molecular dynamics study》 was written by Sahoo, Dipak Kumar; Chand, Apramita; Jena, Subhrakant; Biswal, Himansu S.. Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acidThis research focused onthiouracil choline picolinate hydrogen bond solubility. The article conveys some information:

Ionic liquids (ILs) over the years, have been maneuvered in aiding the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs, boosting their permeation and delivery to the target areas through the physiol. barrier. Herein, the solubility of a simple anti-carcinogenic and anti-thyroid drug 2-thiouracil (TU), with poor solubility in water as well as common organic solvents was explored by employing a biocompatible IL – Choline picolinate ([Ch][Pic]). With field-emission scanning-electron-microscope, NMR and mol.-dynamics (MD) simulation studies, we unleashed the solubility mechanism and dynamics of TU in water and in aqueous IL solution The solubility of TU in the IL was enhanced by 100 times than that of water. Electron microscopy showed time-dependent nano- and microscale self-organization morphol. during the solvation process. NMR and MD simulation revealed a tug of war between TU and water to interact with IL, and hydrogen bonding is the prominent interaction for the enhanced solubility The present results are encouraging and can be extended to other thio-derivatives of nucleobases that are useful for biochem. and pharmaceutical applications. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

SDS of cas: 98-98-6In 2021 ,《Speciation studies of binary and ternary complexes formed with oxidovanadium(IV) ion picolinic acid and some amino acids》 was published in Physics and Chemistry of Liquids. The article was written by De Abreu, Joel; Del Carpio, Edgar; Madden, Waleska; Lubes, Giuseppe; Araujo, Mary Lorena; Lubes, Vito; Hernandez, Lino. The article contains the following contents:

In the present work the chem. speciation of ternary complexes systems formed by VO2+ ion with picolinic acid and the amino acids = a-alanine (HaAla), glycine (HGly), serine (HSer), threonine (HThr), aspartic acid (H2Asp), glutamic acid (H2Glu), histidine (H2His) and cysteine (H2Cys) has been studied. The anal. involved the use of the potentiometric data with the least-squares program LETAGROP in aqueous solution at 25 oC in 1 M NaCl solution The Hydrolysis products (hydroxylated complexes) of the VO2+ ion and the binary complexes formed in VO2+-amino acids and VO2+-picolinic acid systems in aqueous solution at 25 oC in 1 M NaCl solution were determined and analyzed in this work. In the experiment, the researchers used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6SDS of cas: 98-98-6)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.SDS of cas: 98-98-6

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2022,Paul, Elisabeth R.; Schwieler, Lilly; Erhardt, Sophie; Boda, Sandra; Trepci, Ada; Kaempe, Robin; Asratian, Anna; Holm, Lovisa; Yngve, Adam; Dantzer, Robert; Heilig, Markus; Hamilton, J. Paul; Samuelsson, Martin published an article in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. The title of the article was 《Peripheral and central kynurenine pathway abnormalities in major depression》.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid The author mentioned the following in the article:

Considerable data relate major depressive disorder (MDD) with aberrant immune system functioning. Pro-inflammatory cytokines facilitate metabolism of tryptophan along the kynurenine pathway (KP) putatively resulting in reduced neuroprotective and increased neurotoxic KP metabolites in MDD, in addition to modulating metabolic and immune function. This central nervous system hypothesis has, however, only been tested in the periphery. Here, we measured KP-metabolite levels in both plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of depressed patients (n = 63/36 resp.) and healthy controls (n = 48/33). Further, we assessed the relation between KP abnormalities and brain-structure volumes, as well as body mass index (BMI), an index of metabolic disturbance associated with atypical depression. Plasma levels of picolinic acid (PIC), the kynurenic/quinolinic acid ratio (KYNA/QUIN), and PIC/QUIN were lower in MDD, but QUIN levels were increased. In the CSF, we found lower PIC in MDD. Confirming previous work, MDD patients had lower hippocampal, and amygdalar volumes Hippocampal and amygdalar volumes were correlated pos. with plasma KYNA/QUIN ratio in MDD patients. BMI was increased in the MDD group relative to the control group. Moreover, BMI was inversely correlated with plasma and CSF PIC and PIC/QUIN, and pos. correlated with plasma QUIN levels in MDD. Our results partially confirm previous peripheral KP findings and extend them to the CSF in MDD. We present the novel finding that abnormalities in KP metabolites are related to metabolic disturbances in depression, but the relation between KP metabolites and depression-associated brain atrophy might not be as direct as previously hypothesized. In addition to this study using Picolinic acid, there are many other studies that have used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid) was used in this study.

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mehrabadi, Zohreh; Ahmadi, Sara; Gutierrez, Angel; Karimi, Mehdi; Hayati, Payam; Sharafi-Badr, Paria; Moaser, Azra Ghiasi; Rostamnia, Sadegh; Hasanzadeh, Amir; Khaksar, Samad; Rouhani, Shamila; Msagati, Titus A. M. published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Morphologically controlled eco-friendly synthesis of a novel 2D Hg(II) metal-organic coordination polymer: Biological activities and DFT analysis》, and you may find the article in Journal of Molecular Structure.Formula: C6H5NO2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

A series of mercury(II) metal-organic coordination polymers (Hg-MOCPs) with a general chem. formula [Hg(PicA)(N3)]n (PicA = 2-picolinic acid) were synthesized by controlling their morphol. using two methods including the branched tube and sonochem. ultrasonic-assisted (US). The effects of the sonication, the reaction time, the reactant concentrations, and temperature were examined on their effects in influencing the size and morphol. of the crystals. The findings have revealed that the concentrations of the reactants and the reaction time have a direct influence on the size and morphol. of the crystals. However, this study found that temperature and the sonication power have no control on the size and morphol. of the crystals. Hirshfeld Surface Anal. (HAS) was utilized to study the contribution of intermol. interactions in the formation of [Hg(PicA)(N3)]n. The prepared microcrystals of MOCPs were further analyzed by SEM to ascertain the surface morphol. and, PXRD, elemental anal. composition, and FT-IR spectroscopy to elucidate the functional groups of the prepared Hg-MOCPs. Also, d. functional theory (DFT) calculation was used to illustrate the electronic properties of the single crystal. The experimental process involved the reaction of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Formula: C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Formula: C6H5NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Sidorov, Evgeny V.; Bejar, Cynthia; Xu, Chao; Ray, Bappaditya; Gordon, David; Chainakul, Juliane; Sanghera, Dharambir K. published an article in 2021. The article was titled 《Novel Metabolites as Potential Indicators of Ischemic Infarction Volume: a Pilot Study》, and you may find the article in Translational Stroke Research.Electric Literature of C6H5NO2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Metabolomics may identify biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Previously, circulating metabolites were compared in AIS and healthy controls without accounting for stroke size. The goal of this study was to identify metabolites that associate with the volume of AIS. We prospectively analyzed 1554 serum metabolites in the acute (72 h) and chronic (3-6 mo) stages of 60 ischemic stroke patients. We calculated infarct volume using diffusion-weighted images with MR segmentation software and associated the volume with stage-specific metabolites, acute-to-chronic stage changes, and multiple mixed regression in metabolite concentrations using multivariate regression anal. We used the two-stage Benjamini and Hochberg (TSBH) procedure for multiple testing. Four unknown metabolites at the acute stage significantly associated with infarct volume: X24541, X24577, X24581, and X2482 (all p < 0.01). Nine metabolites at the chronic stage are significantly associated with infarct volume: indolpropinate, alpha ketoglutaramate, picolinate, X16087, X24637, X24576, X24577, X24582, X24581 (all p < 0.048). Infarct volume is also associated with significant changes in serum concentrations of twenty-seven metabolites, with p values from 0.01 to 1.48 x 10-7, and on five metabolites using mixed regression model. This prospective pilot study identified several metabolites associated with the volume of ischemic infarction. Confirmation of these findings on a larger dataset would help characterize putative pathways underlying the size of ischemic infarction and facilitate the identification of biomarkers or therapeutic targets. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Electric Literature of C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Electric Literature of C6H5NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Determination of stability constants of ternary copper(II) complexes formed with picolinic acid and several amino acids》 was published in Physics and Chemistry of Liquids in 2020. These research results belong to Hernandez, Lino; Del Carpio, Edgar; Madden, Waleska; Lubes, Giuseppe; Perez, Alejandro; Rodriguez-Lugo, Rafael E.; Landaeta, Vanessa R.; Araujo, Mary Lorena; Daniel Martinez, Jose; Lubes, Vito. Computed Properties of C6H5NO2 The article mentions the following:

In this work, the formation of ternary complexes with their resp. formation constants in the systems formed by copper (II), picolinic acid and the amino acids = histidine (His), aspartic acid (HGly), proline (HPro), α-alanine (HαAla), β-alanine (HβAla), serine (HSer), threonine (HThr), phenylalanine (HPhe) and methionine (HMet) was detected. The anal. involves the use of the potentiometric data with the least-squares program LETAGROP in aqueous solution at 25°C in 1M KNO3 solution The relative stability of the ternary complexes was compared with the binary ones considering the values of Δlog K and log χ. Subsequently using the formation constants, the species distribution diagrams were generated and are briefly discussed here. The Cu (II)-picolinic acid-glutamic acid, Cu (II)-picolinic acid-serine and Cu (II)-picolinic acid-histidine systems were characterised by UV-Vis mol. absorption spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry, obtaining results that confirm the formation of ternary complexes with octahedral geometry. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Computed Properties of C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Computed Properties of C6H5NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Six new palladium(II) mixed ligand complexes of 2-, 3-, 4-monosubstituted derivative of pyridine ring with caffeine moiety: Synthesis, spectroscopic, morphological structures, thermal, antimicrobial and anticancer properties》 was written by Al-Saif, Foziah A.; Al-Humaidi, Jehan Y.; Binjawhar, Dalal N.; Refat, Moamen S.. Reference of Picolinic acid And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2020. The article conveys some information:

In the present article, new complexes of mononuclear palladium, formed by the interaction of PdCl2 with nicotinamide (nta), picolinic acid (pia), and isonicotinic acid (ina) have been isolated in the solid state with 1:2 M ratio affords the new compounds [Pd(nta)2(Cl)2] (I), [Pd(pia)2] (II), and [Pd(ina)2] (III). The mixed ligand complexes with caffeine (caf) as a secondary ligand have been synthesized and formulated as [Pd(nta)(caf)(Cl)2] (IV), [Pd(pia)(caf)(Cl)] (V), and [Pd(ina)(caf)(Cl)] (VI) with ratio of metal: ligand: ligand is 1:1:1. Structures of these products has been established by elemental analyses, conductivity, FTIR, 1H NMR and thermal anal. data. The shifts of the ν(N-H) amino, ν(C=N1) pyridine, ν(C=O) carboxylic, and ν(C=N9) caffeine stretches have been monitored in order to find out the donor sites of the ligands. According to the exptl. data, the six complexes can be characterized in the solid state as mononuclear, with a four-coordinate stereochem. SEM, TEM, and XRD anal. determined the characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles. The in vitro antibacterial efficiency of the compounds were evaluated by paper disk diffusion method. Compounds were also screened for their anti-cancer activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and breast cancer (Mcf-7) cell lines. This study reveals that [Pd(pia)2] complex has a potent cytotoxic agent against human colorectal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. The experimental process involved the reaction of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Reference of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Reference of Picolinic acid

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem