Category: 98-98-6

《Six new palladium(II) mixed ligand complexes of 2-, 3-, 4-monosubstituted derivative of pyridine ring with caffeine moiety: Synthesis, spectroscopic, morphological structures, thermal, antimicrobial and anticancer properties》 was written by Al-Saif, Foziah A.; Al-Humaidi, Jehan Y.; Binjawhar, Dalal N.; Refat, Moamen S.. Reference of Picolinic acid And the article was included in Journal of Molecular Structure in 2020. The article conveys some information:

In the present article, new complexes of mononuclear palladium, formed by the interaction of PdCl2 with nicotinamide (nta), picolinic acid (pia), and isonicotinic acid (ina) have been isolated in the solid state with 1:2 M ratio affords the new compounds [Pd(nta)2(Cl)2] (I), [Pd(pia)2] (II), and [Pd(ina)2] (III). The mixed ligand complexes with caffeine (caf) as a secondary ligand have been synthesized and formulated as [Pd(nta)(caf)(Cl)2] (IV), [Pd(pia)(caf)(Cl)] (V), and [Pd(ina)(caf)(Cl)] (VI) with ratio of metal: ligand: ligand is 1:1:1. Structures of these products has been established by elemental analyses, conductivity, FTIR, 1H NMR and thermal anal. data. The shifts of the ν(N-H) amino, ν(C=N1) pyridine, ν(C=O) carboxylic, and ν(C=N9) caffeine stretches have been monitored in order to find out the donor sites of the ligands. According to the exptl. data, the six complexes can be characterized in the solid state as mononuclear, with a four-coordinate stereochem. SEM, TEM, and XRD anal. determined the characteristics of synthesized nanoparticles. The in vitro antibacterial efficiency of the compounds were evaluated by paper disk diffusion method. Compounds were also screened for their anti-cancer activity against colorectal adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) and breast cancer (Mcf-7) cell lines. This study reveals that [Pd(pia)2] complex has a potent cytotoxic agent against human colorectal adenocarcinoma and breast cancer. The experimental process involved the reaction of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Reference of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Reference of Picolinic acid

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Biosynthesis of Mycotoxin Fusaric Acid and Application of a PLP-Dependent Enzyme for Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Substituted L-Pipecolic Acids》 was written by Hai, Yang; Chen, Mengbin; Huang, Arthur; Tang, Yi. Computed Properties of C6H5NO2 And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Fusaric acid (FA) is a known mycotoxin that plays an important role in plant pathol. The biosynthetic gene cluster for FA was identified, but the biosynthetic pathway remains unclarified. Here, the authors elucidated the biosynthesis of FA, which features a two-enzyme catalytic cascade, a pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme (Fub7), and a FMN-dependent oxidase (Fub9) in synthesizing the picolinic acid scaffold. FA biosynthesis also involves an off-line collaboration between a highly reducing polyketide synthase (HRPKS, Fub1) and a nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS)-like carboxylic acid reductase (Fub8) in making an aliphatic α,β-unsaturated aldehyde. By harnessing the stereoselective C-C bond-forming activity of Fub7, the authors established a chemoenzymic route for stereoconvergent synthesis of a series of 5-alkyl-, 5,5-dialkyl-, and 5,5,6-trialkyl-L-pipecolic acids of high diastereomeric ratio. After reading the article, we found that the author used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Computed Properties of C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Computed Properties of C6H5NO2

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《A novel DOTA-like building block with a picolinate arm for the synthesis of lanthanide complex-peptide conjugates with improved luminescence properties》 was published in Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry in 2020. These research results belong to Fremy, Guillaume; Raibaut, Laurent; Cepeda, Celine; Sanson, Marine; Boujut, Margot; Seneque, Olivier. Safety of Picolinic acid The article mentions the following:

Combination of complexes of lanthanide cations (Ln3+) for their luminescent properties and peptides for their recognition properties is interesting in view of designing responsive luminescent probes. The octadentate DOTA (1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid) chelate is the most popular chelate to design Ln3+ complex-peptide conjugates. We describe a novel building block, DO3Apic-tris(allyl)ester, which provides access to peptides with a conjugated nonadentate chelate, namely DO3Apic, featuring a picolinate arm in place of one of the acetate arms compared to DOTA, for improved luminescence properties. This building block, with allyl protecting groups, is readily obtained by solid phase synthesis. We show that it is superior to its analog with tBu protecting groups for the preparation of peptide conjugates because of the difficult removal of the tBu protecting groups for the latter. Then, we compare two luminescent zinc fingers (LZF) comprising (i) a zinc finger peptide for selective Zn2+ binding, (ii) a Eu3+ complex and (iii) an acridone antenna (ACD) for long-wavelength sensitization of Eu3+ luminescence. The first one, LZF3ACD|Eu, incorporates a DOTA chelate for Eu3+ whereas the other, LZF4ACD|Eu, incorporates a DO3Apic chelate. Both act as Zn2+-responsive luminescent probes but we show that changing DOTA for DO3Apic results in a higher Eu3+ luminescence lifetime and in a doubling of the quantum yield, confirming the interest of the DO3Apic chelate and the DO3Apic(tris(allyl)ester building block for the preparation of Ln3+ complex-peptide conjugates. Addnl., the DO3Apic chelate provides self-calibration for LZF4ACD|Eu luminescence upon excitation of its picolinamide chromophore, making LZF4ACD|Eu a ratiometric sensor for Zn2+. In the part of experimental materials, we found many familiar compounds, such as Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Safety of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Safety of Picolinic acid

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Quality Control of Picolinic acidIn 2019 ,《Thermochemistry of the Acid-Base Interactions in Aqueous Solutions of Isonicotinic and Picolinic Acids》 was published in Russian Journal of General Chemistry. The article was written by Lytkin, A. I.; Badelin, V. G.; Krutova, O. N.; Tyunina, E. Yu.; Krutov, P. D.. The article contains the following contents:

The calorimetric method was employed to measure the heat effects of the interaction of isonicotinic and picolinic acids with HNO3 in aqueous solutions over different pH ranges at 298.15 K and ionic strengths of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 against potassium nitrate. The heat effects of stepwise dissociation of the acids were determined The standard thermodn. characteristics (ΔrH°, ΔrG°, ΔrS°, ΔCp°) of the acid-base reactions in aqueous solutions of isonicotinic and picolinic acids were calculated The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Quality Control of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Quality Control of Picolinic acid

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Xu, Siqiong; Wang, Xiao; Zhang, Fuyin; Jiang, Yinhu; Zhang, Yanting; Cheng, Minggen; Yan, Xin; Hong, Qing; He, Jian; Qiu, Jiguo published an article in 2022. The article was titled 《PicR as a MarR family transcriptional repressor multiply controls the transcription of picolinic acid degradation gene cluster pic in Alcaligenes faecalis JQ135》, and you may find the article in Applied and Environmental Microbiology.Formula: C6H5NO2 The information in the text is summarized as follows:

Picolinic acid (PA) is a natural toxic pyridine derivative as well as an important intermediate used in the chem. industry. In a previous study, we identified a gene cluster, pic, that responsible for the catabolism of PA in Alcaligenes faecalis JQ135. However, the transcriptional regulation of the pic cluster remains known. This study showed that the entire pic cluster was composed of 17 genes and transcribed as four operons: picR, picCDEF, picB4B3B2B1, and picT1A1A2A3T2T3MN. Deletion of picR, encoding a putative MarR-type regulator, greatly shortened the lag phase of PA degradation An electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting showed that PicR has one binding site in the picR-picC intergenic region and two binding sites in the picB-picT1 intergenic region. The DNA sequences of the three binding sites have the palindromic characteristics of TCAG-N4-CTNN: the space consists of four nonspecific bases, and the four palindromic bases on the left and the first two palindromic bases on the right are strictly conserved, while the last two bases on the right vary among the three binding sites. An in vivo β-galactosidase activity reporter assay indicated that 6-hydroxypicolinic acid but not PA acted as a ligand of PicR, preventing PicR from binding to promoter regions and thus derepressing the transcription of the pic cluster. This study revealed the neg. transcriptional regulation mechanism of PA degradation by PicR in A. faecalis JQ135 and provides new insights into the structure and function of the MarR-type regulator. The results came from multiple reactions, including the reaction of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Formula: C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Formula: C6H5NO2

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《Efficacy and tolerability of a nutraceutical combination of red yeast rice, guggulipid, and chromium picolinate evaluated in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.》 were Iskandar, Irene; Harahap, Yahdiana; Wijayanti, Tri Rahayu; Sandra, Monika; Prasaja, Budi; Cahyaningsih, Prawitasari. And the article was published in Complementary therapies in medicine in 2019. Recommanded Product: Picolinic acid The author mentioned the following in the article:

Hypercholesterolemia is the major risk factor in the development of coronary heart disease. Coronary heart disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries worldwide. An increasing attention is now paid to nutraceuticals development for prevention and cure of dyslipidemia, especially for patients who do not wish to use chemical statins. The cholesterol lowering effect and the tolerability of NutraforChol®, a nutraceutical product containing red yeast rice extract, guggulipid extract and chromium picolinate, was evaluated on subjects who had total cholesterol level 200-239 mg/dL and LDL cholesterol level 100-159 mg/dL. In this study, a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study which consisted of 4 weeks run-in period and 8 weeks treatment period was performed. Based on the study results, NutraforChol® effectively decreased total cholesterol (-15.9 %) and LDL level (-19.9 %) after two weeks consumption. The total cholesterol and LDL reduction were maintained during 8 weeks study period. At study termination (week 8), there was a significant difference between total cholesterol level of NutraforChol® treated group (173.5 ± 21.7 mg/dL) and placebo-treated group (204.5 ± 22.8 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). In addition, there was a significant difference between LDL level at week 8 in NutraforChol® group (115.5 ± 22.2 mg/dL) and placebo-treated group (145.1 ± 23.7 mg/dL) (p < 0.05). The tolerability of NutraforChol® was also evaluated. There were no significant changes (p > 0.05) on renal and liver function parameters between baseline and study termination. Thus, NutraforChol® may be considered as a complementary or alternative safe nutraceuticals for the treatment of mild dyslipidemic subjects. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Recommanded Product: Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Recommanded Product: Picolinic acid

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Picolinic Acid, a Catabolite of Tryptophan, Has an Anabolic Effect on Bone In Vivo》 was written by Duque, Gustavo; Vidal, Christopher; Li, Wei; Al Saedi, Ahmed; Khalil, Mamdouh; Lim, Chai K.; Myers, Damian E.; Guillemin, Gilles J.. SDS of cas: 98-98-6 And the article was included in Journal of Bone and Mineral Research in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Fractures attributable to osteoporosis have a severe impact on our older population. Reports of side effects with commonly prescribed osteoporosis drugs have led to the investigation of new and safer treatments with novel mechanisms of action. Picolinic acid (PIC), a catabolite of tryptophan, induces in vitro osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. Here we demonstrate that PIC has an anabolic effect on bone in vivo by increasing bone formation, bone mass, and bone strength in normal and ovariectomized C57BL/6 mice. Activation of the osteogenic pathways triggered this osteoanabolic response without any cross-related effects on mineral absorption or calciotropic hormones. Because PIC was also well tolerated and absorbed with no side effects, it is an ideal potential candidate for the treatment of osteoporosis. After reading the article, we found that the author used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6SDS of cas: 98-98-6)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.SDS of cas: 98-98-6

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
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《Peripheral tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolites in major depression: A case-control study》 was written by Colle, Romain; Masson, Perrine; Verstuyft, Celine; Feve, Bruno; Werner, Erwan; Boursier-Neyret, Claire; Walther, Bernard; David, Denis J.; Boniface, Bruno; Falissard, Bruno; Chanson, Philippe; Corruble, Emmanuelle; Becquemont, Laurent. Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid And the article was included in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Peripheral tryptophan and metabolites of serotonin and kynurenine were investigated extensively in 173 patients suffering from current major depressive episode (MDE) and compared to 214 healthy controls (HC). Fasting plasma levels of 11 peripheral metabolites were quantified: tryptophan, serotonin pathway (serotonin, its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid), and kynurenine pathway (kynurenine and six of its metabolites: anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, nicotinamide, picolinic acid, xanthurenic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid). Sixty (34.7%) patients were antidepressant-drug free. Tryptophan levels did not differ between MDE patients and HC. Serotonin and its precursor (5-hydroxytryptophan) levels were lower in MDE patients than in HC, whereas, its metabolite (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) levels were within standard range. Kynurenine and four of its metabolites (kynurenic acid, nicotinamide, picolinic acid, and xanthurenic acid) were lower in MDE patients. While the results of this study demonstrate association between the metabolites studied and depression, conclusions about causality cannot be made. This study uses largest ever sample of MDE patients, with an extensive assessment of peripheral tryptophan metabolism in plasma. These findings provide new insights into the peripheral signature of MDE. The reasons for these changes should be further investigated. These results might suggest new antidepressant therapeutic strategies. In the experiment, the researchers used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Picolinic acid spray stimulates the antioxidative metabolism and minimizes impairments on photosynthesis on wheat leaves infected by Pyricularia oryzae》 was written by Aucique-Perez, Carlos Eduardo; Resende, Renata Sousa; Neto, Lara Beatriz Cruz; Dornelas, Fernanda; DaMatta, Fabio Murilo; Rodrigues, Fabricio Avila. Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2This research focused onTriticum Pyricularia picolinic acid blast antioxidative metabolism photosynthesis leaf. The article conveys some information:

Fungal pathogens produce toxins that are important for their pathogenesis and/or aggressiveness towards their hosts. Picolinic acid (PA), a non-host selective toxin, causes lesions on rice leaves resembling those originated from Pyricularia oryzae infection. Considering that non-host selective toxins can be useful for plant diseases control, this study investigated whether the foliar spray with PA on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants, in a non-phytotoxic concentration, could increase their resistance to blast, stimulate the anti-oxidative metabolism, and minimize alterations in photosynthesis. The PA spray at concentrations greater than 0.1 mg ml-1 caused foliar lesions, compromised the photosynthesis and was linked with greater accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and superoxide anion radical (O2•-). Fungal mycelial growth, conidia production and germination decreased by PA at 0.3 mg ml-1. Blast severity was significantly reduced by 59 and 23%, resp., at 72 and 96 h after inoculation for plants sprayed with PA (0.1 mg ml-1) at 24 h before fungal inoculation compared to non-sprayed plants. Reduction on blast symptoms was linked with increases on ascorbate peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.11), catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), glutathione peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.9), glutathione reductase (EC 1.8.1.7), glutathione-S-transferase (EC 2.5.1.18), peroxidase (EC 1.11.1.7), and superoxide dismutase (EC 1.15.1.1) activities, lower H2O2 and O2•- accumulation, reduced malondialdehyde production as well as less impairments to the photosynthetic apparatus A more efficient antioxidative metabolism that rapidly scavenges the reactive oxygen species generated during P. oryzae infection, without dramatically decreasing the photosynthetic performance, was a remarkable effect obtained with PA spray. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used as a chelate for alkaline earth metals. Used to prepare picolinato ligated transition metal complexes. In synthetic organic chemistry, has been used as a substrate in the Mitsunobu reaction and in the Hammick reaction.Synthetic Route of C6H5NO2

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Pyridine – Wikipedia,
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Dhau, Jaspreet S.; Singh, Avtar; Brandao, Paula; Felix, Vitor published their research in Inorganic Chemistry Communications in 2021. The article was titled 《Synthesis, characterization, X-ray crystal structure and antibacterial activity of bis[3-(4-chloro-N,N-diethylpyridine-2-carboxamide)] diselenide》.Formula: C6H5NO2 The article contains the following contents:

An efficient methodol. for the synthesis of bis[3-(4-chloro-N,N-diethylpyridine-2-carboxamide)] diselenide has been successfully achieved through ring lithiation using 2.2 equiv of lithium diisopropylamide (LDA) in THF. The hitherto unknown compound has been fully characterized by spectroscopic techniques NMR (1H and 13C), Mass spectrometry and elemental anal. The crystal structure of bis[3-(4-chloro-N,N-diethylpyridine-2-carboxamide)] diselenide has been determined by single crystal x-ray diffraction. The diselenide crystallizes in the monoclinic system (C2/c) with torsional angle of the selenium atoms attached to pyridyl rings (-C1-Se-Se-C1-) is -77.5(1). Bis[3-(4-chloro-N,N-diethylpyridine-2-carboxamide)] diselenide was found antibacterial active and results were compared with the most studied pyridylselenium compound (2,2′-dipyridyl diselenide) and standard drug Ampicillin. After reading the article, we found that the author used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Formula: C6H5NO2)

Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Formula: C6H5NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem