In 2019,Current Organic Synthesis included an article by Chen, Mingwei; Hu, Jinyu; Tang, Xiaoli; Zhu, Qiming. Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine. The article was titled 《Piperazine as an Inexpensive and Efficient Ligand for Pd-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reactions to Synthesize Bipyridines and Their Analogues》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:
In the present work, a promising approach for preparation of bipyridines and their (hetero) aromatic analogs I (Ar = 2-pyridyl, 4-O2NC6H4, quinolin-2-yl, etc.) via a Pd-catalyzed reductive homocoupling reaction with simple piperazine as a ligand is discussed . The combination of Pd(OAc)2 and piperazine in DMF was observed to form an excellent catalyst system and efficiently catalyzed the homocoupling of azaarenyl halides, in which DMF was used as the solvent without excess reductants although stoichiometric reductant was generally required to generate the low-oxidation-state active metal species in the catalytic cycles. In this case, good to excellent yields of bipyridines were obtained in the presence of 2.5 mol% of Pd(OAc)2 and 5 mol% of piperazine, using K3PO4 as a base in DMF at 140°C. The coupling reaction was operationally simple and displayed good substrate compatibility.4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was used in this study.
4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.