《Peripheral tryptophan, serotonin, kynurenine, and their metabolites in major depression: A case-control study》 was written by Colle, Romain; Masson, Perrine; Verstuyft, Celine; Feve, Bruno; Werner, Erwan; Boursier-Neyret, Claire; Walther, Bernard; David, Denis J.; Boniface, Bruno; Falissard, Bruno; Chanson, Philippe; Corruble, Emmanuelle; Becquemont, Laurent. Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid And the article was included in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences in 2020. The article conveys some information:
Peripheral tryptophan and metabolites of serotonin and kynurenine were investigated extensively in 173 patients suffering from current major depressive episode (MDE) and compared to 214 healthy controls (HC). Fasting plasma levels of 11 peripheral metabolites were quantified: tryptophan, serotonin pathway (serotonin, its precursor 5-hydroxytryptophan and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid), and kynurenine pathway (kynurenine and six of its metabolites: anthranilic acid, kynurenic acid, nicotinamide, picolinic acid, xanthurenic acid, and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid). Sixty (34.7%) patients were antidepressant-drug free. Tryptophan levels did not differ between MDE patients and HC. Serotonin and its precursor (5-hydroxytryptophan) levels were lower in MDE patients than in HC, whereas, its metabolite (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid) levels were within standard range. Kynurenine and four of its metabolites (kynurenic acid, nicotinamide, picolinic acid, and xanthurenic acid) were lower in MDE patients. While the results of this study demonstrate association between the metabolites studied and depression, conclusions about causality cannot be made. This study uses largest ever sample of MDE patients, with an extensive assessment of peripheral tryptophan metabolism in plasma. These findings provide new insights into the peripheral signature of MDE. The reasons for these changes should be further investigated. These results might suggest new antidepressant therapeutic strategies. In the experiment, the researchers used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid)
Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Application In Synthesis of Picolinic acid