Doris, Ursula published the artcileA sexy approach to pacemaking: differences in function and molecular make up of the sinoatrial node, Application In Synthesis of 21829-25-4, the main research area is pacemaking sinoatrial node human.
Functional properties of the sinoatrial node (SAN) are known to differ between sexes. Women have higher resting and intrinsic heart rates. Sex determines the risk of developing certain arrhythmias such as sick sinus syndrome, which occur more often in women. We believe that a major contributor to these differences is in gender specific ion channel expression. QPCR was used to compare ion channel gene expression in the SAN and right atrium (RA) between male and female rats. Histol., immunohistochem. and signal intensity anal. were used to locate the SAN and determine abundance of ion channels. The effect of nifedipine on extracellular potential recording was used to determine differences in beating rate between sexes. MRNAs for Cav1.3, Kir3.1, and Nkx2-5, as well as expression of the L-Type Ca2+ channel protein, were higher in the female SAN. Females had significantly higher intrinsic heart rates and the effect of nifedipine on isolated SAN preparations was significantly greater in male SAN. Computer modeling using a SAN cell model demonstrated a higher propensity of pacemaker-related arrhythmias in females. This study has identified key differences in the expression of Cav1.3, Kir3.1 and Nkx2-5 at mRNA and/or protein levels between male and female SAN. Cav1.3 plays an important role in the pacemaker function of the SAN, therefore the higher intrinsic heart rate of the female SAN could be caused by the higher expression of Cav1.3. The differences identified in this study advance our understanding of sex differences in cardiac electrophysiol. and arrhythmias.
Histology and Histopathology published new progress about Atrial arrhythmia. 21829-25-4 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Application In Synthesis of 21829-25-4.