Adipocyte-derived kynurenine promotes obesity and insulin resistance by activating the AhR/STAT3/IL-6 signaling was written by Huang, Teng;Song, Jia;Gao, Jia;Cheng, Jia;Xie, Hao;Zhang, Lu;Wang, Yu-Han;Gao, Zhichao;Wang, Yi;Wang, Xiaohui;He, Jinhan;Liu, Shiwei;Yu, Qilin;Zhang, Shu;Xiong, Fei;Zhou, Qing;Wang, Cong-Yi. And the article was included in Nature Communications in 2022.Reference of 54-47-7 The following contents are mentioned in the article:
Aberrant amino acid metabolism is a common event in obesity. Particularly, subjects with obesity are characterized by the excessive plasma kynurenine (Kyn). However, the primary source of Kyn and its impact on metabolic syndrome are yet to be fully addressed. Herein, we show that the overexpressed indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in adipocytes predominantly contributes to the excessive Kyn, indicating a central role of adipocytes in Kyn metabolism Depletion of Ido1 in adipocytes abrogates Kyn accumulation, protecting mice against obesity. Mechanistically, Kyn impairs lipid homeostasis in adipocytes via activating the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR)/Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 /interleukin-6 signaling. Genetic ablation of AhR in adipocytes abolishes the effect of Kyn. Moreover, supplementation of vitamin B6 ameliorated Kyn accumulation, protecting mice from obesity. Collectively, our data support that adipocytes are the primary source of increased circulating Kyn, while elimination of accumulated Kyn could be a viable strategy against obesity. This study involved multiple reactions and reactants, such as (4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate (cas: 54-47-7Reference of 54-47-7).
(4-Formyl-5-hydroxy-6-methylpyridin-3-yl)methyl dihydrogen phosphate (cas: 54-47-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Reference of 54-47-7