Benzalkonium chloride and cetylpyridinium chloride induce apoptosis in human lung epithelial cells and alter surface activity of pulmonary surfactant monolayers. was written by Kanno, Sanae;Hirano, Seishiro;Kato, Hideaki;Fukuta, Mamiko;Mukai, Toshiji;Aoki, Yasuhiro. And the article was included in Chemico-Biological Interactions in 2020.Electric Literature of C5H6ClN This article mentions the following:
To examine whether BAC and CPC aerosols deposited in the alveolar region alter pulmonary function, we studied the effects on pulmonary surfactant using two-step in vitro models; cytotoxicity using A549 alveolar epithelial cell and changes in surface activity of the pulmonary surfactant monolayer using both Surfacten and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC). Cell viability was decreased with BAC and CPC dose-dependently. A comparison of cytotoxicity among BAC homologues with different length of alkyl chain showed that C16-BAC, which has the longest alkyl chain, was more cytotoxic than C12– or C14-BAC. Caspase-3/7 activity and cleaved form of caspase-3 and PARP were increased in BAC- and CPC-exposed cells. The elevated caspase-3/7 activity and their cleaved active forms were abolished by caspase-3-inhibitor. The collapse pressure diminished with increasing concentration of CPC. Topog. images indicated that BAC and CPC resulted in smaller condensed lipid domains compared to the control. Conversely, PC without hydrocarbon tail group, showed no cytotoxicity and did not change the isotherms and AFM images. These results indicate that BAC and CPC cause cell death via caspase-3-dependent apoptotic pathway in A549 cells and alter the alveolar surfactant activity. These effects can be attributed to the long alkyl chain of BAC and CPC. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Electric Literature of C5H6ClN).
Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Electric Literature of C5H6ClN