Kim, Haewon; Yoo, Jean; Lim, Yeon-Mi; Kim, Eun-Ji; Yoon, Byung-Il; Kim, Pilje; Yu, Seung Do; Eom, Ig-Chun; Shim, Ilseob published the artcile< Comprehensive pulmonary toxicity assessment of cetylpyridinium chloride using A549 cells and Sprague-Dawley rats>, Application In Synthesis of 123-03-5, the main research area is pulmonary toxicity cetylpyridinium chloride; bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; cetylpyridinium chloride; inhalation toxicity; intratracheal instillation; polymorphonuclear leukocyte; quaternary ammonium compound.
Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC), a quaternary ammonium compound and cationic surfactant, is used in personal hygiene products such as toothpaste, mouthwash, and nasal spray. Although public exposure to CPC is frequent, its pulmonary toxicity has yet to be fully characterized. Due to high risks of CPC inhalation, we aimed to comprehensively elucidate the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of CPC. The results demonstrated that CPC is highly cytotoxic against the A549 cells with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 5.79μg/mL. Following CPC exposure, via intratracheal instillation (ITI), leakage of lactate dehydrogenase, a biomarker of cell injury, was significantly increased in all exposure groups. The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) anal. showed a significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. ITI of CPC induced focal inflammation of the pulmonary parenchyma in rats lungs. Our study demonstrated that TNF-α was the most commonly secreted proinflammatory cytokine during CPC exposure in both in vitro and in vivo models. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes in the BALF, which are indicators of pulmonary inflammation, significantly increased in a concentration-dependent manner in all in vivo studies including the ITI, acute, and subacute inhalation assays, demonstrating that PMNs are the most sensitive parameters of pulmonary toxicity.
Journal of Applied Toxicology published new progress about Blood urea nitrogen. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Application In Synthesis of 123-03-5.