The optimization of xanthine derivatives leading to HBK001 hydrochloride as a potent dual ligand targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 was written by Li, Gang;Meng, Bingxu;Yuan, Baokun;Huan, Yi;Zhou, Tian;Jiang, Qian;Lei, Lei;Sheng, Li;Wang, Weiping;Gong, Ningbo;Lu, Yang;Ma, Chen;Li, Yan;Shen, Zhufang;Huang, Haihong. And the article was included in European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2020.Category: pyridine-derivatives This article mentions the following:
A series of xanthine compounds derived from the previous hit I with modification on the terminal side chain was discovered through ring formation strategy. Systematic optimization of the compounds with rigid heterocycles in the hydrophobic side chain led to the new lead compound HBK001 (II) with the improved DPP-IV inhibition and moderate GPR119 agonism activity in vitro. As a continuing work to further study the PK and PD profiles, II and its hydrochloride (22) were synthesized on grams scale and evaluated on the ADME/T and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in ICR mice. Compound 22 showed the improved bioavailability and blood glucose-lowering effect in vivo compared to its free base 21h probably attributed to its improved solubility and permeability. The preliminary toxicity studies on compound 22 exhibited that the result of mini-Ames was neg. and the preliminary acute toxicity LD50 in mice was above 1.5 g/kg, while it showed moderate inhibition on hERG channel with IC50 4.9μM maybe due to its high lipophilicity. These findings will be useful for the future drug design for more potent and safer dual ligand targeting DPP-IV and GPR119 for the treatment of diabetes. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 4-carbamothioylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (cas: 214834-18-1Category: pyridine-derivatives).
tert-Butyl 4-carbamothioylpiperidine-1-carboxylate (cas: 214834-18-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Category: pyridine-derivatives