Analysis and optimisation of a novel “bio-brewery” approach: Production of bio-fuels and bio-chemicals by microwave-assisted, hydrothermal liquefaction of brewers’ spent grains was written by Lorente, Almudena;Remon, Javier;Budarin, Vitaliy L.;Sanchez-Verdu, Prado;Moreno, Andres;Clark, James H.. And the article was included in Energy Conversion and Management in 2019.Electric Literature of C8H11N This article mentions the following:
This work firstly explores the feasibility of using a novel microwave-assisted, catalyzed, hydrothermal process for the valorisation of brewers’ spent grains (BSGs), examining the effects of the temperature (180-250鎺矯), pressure (50-130 bar), reaction time (0-2 h) and catalyst amount (Ni-Co/Al-Mg, 0-0.25 g cat/g biomass). This route turned out to be a very promising approach for the production of bio-fuels (bio-oil and bio-char) and platform chems. (sugar rich aqueous solutions) in a single unit, helping the development of an innovative bio-refinery around BSGs. The overall conversion and the yields to gas, aqueous fraction and bio-oil varied by 31-68%, 10-33%, 9-48% and 4-14%, resp. The bio-oil was made up a complex mixture of phenols (0-26%), ketones (0-80%), aldehydes (0-57%), carboxylic acids (0-18%) and nitrogen compounds (0-76%). The proportions of C, H, N and O in the bio-oil varied as follow: 15-61 wt%, 5-10 wt%, 1-6 wt% and 26-77 wt%, resp., which shifted its higher heating value (HHV) between 9 and 27 MJ/kg. The liquid fraction comprised a mixture of DP > 6 oligosaccharides (67-98 C-weight%), DP2-6 oligosaccharides (0-10 C-weight%), saccharides (0.2-7 C-weight%), carboxylic acids (0-7 C-weight%) and furans (0-27 C-weight%). The spent solid after the experiments resembled an energetic like bio-char product, whose proportions of C, H, O and N varied by 35-72 wt%, 4-8 wt%, 1-4 wt% and 18-57 wt% and its HHV shifted between 9 and 32 MJ/kg. The optimization of the process revealed that using a temperature of 250鎺矯 and a pressure of 125 bar for 2 h, it is possible to convert the original material into high-energy biofuels: (8%) bio-oil (26 MJ/kg) and (35%) bio-char (32 MJ/kg); together with a (31%) saccharide-rich (>99 C-weight%) aqueous solution, thus converting this process into a very promising approach to achieve an environmentally-friendly and integral valorisation of brewers’ spent grains. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Electric Literature of C8H11N).
2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the 锜?bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the 锜?bonds. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Electric Literature of C8H11N