Oliveira, Isabel B. published the artcileToxicity of emerging antifouling biocides to non-target freshwater organisms from three trophic levels, Recommanded Product: Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, the publication is Aquatic Toxicology (2017), 164-174, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.
Antifouling (AF) systems provide the most cost-effective protection against biofouling. Several AF biocides have, however, caused deleterious effects in the environment. Subsequently, new compounds have emerged that claim to be more environment-friendly, but studies on their toxicity and environmental risk are necessary in order to ensure safety. This work aimed to assess the toxicity of three emerging AF biocides, tralopyril, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP) and capsaicin, towards non-target freshwater organisms representing three trophic levels: algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), crustacean (Daphnia magna) and fish (Danio rerio). From the three tested biocides, tralopyril had the strongest inhibitory effect on C. reinhardtii growth, effective quantum yield and ATP (ATP) content. TPBP caused sub-lethal effects at high concentrations (100 and 250μg L-1), and capsaicin had no significant effects on algae. In the D. magna acute immobilization test, the most toxic compound was TPBP. However, tralopyril has a short half-life and quickly degrades in water. With exposure solution renewals, tralopyril’s toxicity was similar to TPBP. Capsaicin did not cause any effects on daphnids. In the zebrafish embryo toxicity test (zFET) the most toxic compound was tralopyril with a 120 h – LC50 of 5μg L-1. TPBP’s 120 h – LC50 was 447.5μg L-1. Capsaicin did not cause mortality in zebrafish up to 1 mg L-1. Sub-lethal effects on the proteome of zebrafish embryos were analyzed for tralopyril and TPBP. Both general stress-related and compound-specific protein changes were observed Five proteins involved in energy metabolism, eye structure and cell differentiation were commonly regulated by both compounds Tralopyril specifically induced the upregulation of 6 proteins implicated in energy metabolism, cytoskeleton, cell division and mRNA splicing while TPBP lead to the upregulation of 3 proteins involved in cytoskeleton, cell growth and protein folding. An ecol. risk characterization was performed for a hypothetical freshwater marina. This anal. identified capsaicin as an environment-friendly compound while tralopyril and TPBP seem to pose a risk to freshwater ecosystems. Noneless, more studies on the characterization of the toxicity, behavior and fate of these AF biocides in the environment are necessary since this information directly affects the outcome of the risk assessment.
Aquatic Toxicology published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Recommanded Product: Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate.
Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem