《Tryptophan metabolite concentrations in depressed patients before and after electroconvulsive therapy》 was published in Brain, Behavior, and Immunity in 2020. These research results belong to Ryan, Karen M.; Allers, Kelly A.; McLoughlin, Declan M.; Harkin, Andrew. Recommanded Product: Picolinic acid The article mentions the following:
Tryptophan and kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites are implicated in the pathophysiol. of depression. We aimed to investigate their plasma concentrations in medicated patients with depression (n = 94) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (n = 57), and in patients with depression after electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in a real-world clin. setting, taking account of co-variables including ECT modality and heterogenous psychopathol. Depression severity was assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D24). Tryptophan (TRP) and kynurenine (KYN) metabolite concentrations [anthranilic acid (AA), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3HAA), picolinic acid (PA), kynurenic acid (KYNA), and xanthurenic acid (XA)] and KYNA/KYN and KYNA/quinolinic acid (QUIN) ratios were lower in patients compared to controls. For the total group there was no significant change in KP metabolites post-ECT or correlations with mood ratings. However, improvements in mood score were correlated with increased KYN, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3HK), 3HAA, QUIN, and KYN/TRP in a subgroup of unipolar depressed patients. Addnl., in remitters baseline KYN, 3HK, and QUIN were associated with baseline HAM-D24 scores, and changes in 3HK and 3HAA concentrations post-ECT correlated with improvement in mood. KYN, KYNA, AA, 3HK, XA, PA, and QUIN were increased in a smaller 3-mo follow-up group (n = 19) compared to pre-ECT concentrations Overall, the results indicate that ECT mobilizes the KP, where a moderate association between selected metabolites and treatment response in unipolar depressed patients is evident. In the experiment, the researchers used Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6Recommanded Product: Picolinic acid)
Picolinic acid(cas: 98-98-6) is used in the preparation of 2-Aminodihydro[1,3]thiazines as BACE 2 inhibitors and their preparation and use in the treatment of diabetes.Recommanded Product: Picolinic acid