Express photolithographic DNA microarray synthesis with optimized chemistry and high-efficiency photolabile groups was written by Sack, Matej;Hoelz, Kathrin;Holik, Ann-Katrin;Kretschy, Nicole;Somoza, Veronika;Stengele, Klaus-Peter;Somoza, Mark M.. And the article was included in Journal of Nanobiotechnology in 2016.Reference of 628-13-7 This article mentions the following:
Background: DNA microarrays are a core element of modern genomics research and medical diagnostics, allowing the simple and simultaneous determination of the relative abundances of hundreds of thousands to millions of genomic DNA or RNA sequences in a sample. Photolithog. in situ synthesis, using light projection from a digitally-controlled array of micromirrors, has been successful at both com. and laboratory scales. The advantages of this synthesis method are its ability to reliably produce high-quality custom microarrays with a very high spatial d. of DNA features using a compact device with few moving parts. The phosphoramidite chem. used in photolithog. synthesis is similar to that used in conventional solid-phase synthesis of oligonucleotides, but some unique differences require an independent optimization of the synthesis chem. to achieve fast and low-cost synthesis without compromising microarray quality. Results: High microarray quality could be maintained while reducing coupling time to a few seconds using DCI activator. Five coupling activators were compared, which resulted in microarray hybridization signals following the order ETT > Activator 42 > DCI [Much Greather Than] BTT [Much Greather Than] pyridinium chloride, but only the use of DCI led to both high signal and highly uniform feature intensities. The photodeprotection time was also reduced to a few seconds by replacing the NPPOC photolabile group with the new thiophenyl-NPPOC group. Other chem. parameters, such as oxidation and washing steps were also optimized. Conclusions: Highly optimized and microarray-specific phosphoramidite chem., along with the use of the very photosensitive thiophenyl-NPPOC protecting group allow for the synthesis of high-complexity DNA arrays using coupling times of 15 s and deprotection times of 9 s. The resulting overall cycle time (coupling to coupling) of about 50 s, results in a three-fold reduction in synthesis time. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Reference of 628-13-7).
Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Reference of 628-13-7