On June 5, 1988, Shosenji, Hideto; Nakano, Yasuhiro; Yamada, Kimiho published an article.Reference of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide The title of the article was Catalytic reduction of diphenylacetylene by zinc over palladium-carbon using viologens as electron mediators. And the article contained the following:
PhCCPh was reduced over Pd/C in methanol-water in presence of zinc using N,N’-dialkyl-4,4′-bipyridinium ions (viologens) as mediators to give cis-stilbene as the major product and bibenzyl as the minor one. The reaction involved direct contact of zinc with the catalyst and electron transfer from zinc to Pd via the viologen. The Pd- reduced a proton from H2O to generate H. The experimental process involved the reaction of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide(cas: 52243-87-5).Reference of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide
The Article related to reduction diphenylacetylene zinc viologen palladium, Physical Organic Chemistry: Oxidation-Reduction, Including Dehydrogenation and Hydrogenolysis and other aspects.Reference of 1,1′-Dipropyl-[4,4′-bipyridine]-1,1′-diium bromide