Tag: 100-200

《A Coordinative Dendrimer Achieves Excellent Efficiency in Cytosolic Protein and Peptide Delivery》 was written by Ren, Lanfang; Lv, Jia; Wang, Hui; Cheng, Yiyun. Product Details of 1539-42-0 And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Cytosolic protein delivery is a prerequisite for the development of protein therapeutics that act on intracellular targets. Proteins are generally membrane-impermeable and thus need a carrier such as a polymer to facilitate their internalization. However, the efficient binding of proteins with different isoelec. points to polymeric carriers is challenging. In this study, we designed a coordinative dendrimer to solve this problem. The dendrimers modified with dipicolylamine/zinc(II) complex were capable of binding proteins through a combination of ionic and coordination interactions. The best polymer efficiently delivered 30 cargo proteins and peptides into the cytosol, while maintaining their bioactivity after intracellular release. The removal or replacement of zinc ions in the polymer with other transition-metal ions lead to significantly decreased efficiency in cytosolic protein delivery. This study provides a new strategy to develop robust and efficient polymers for cytosolic protein delivery. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0Product Details of 1539-42-0)

Bis(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)amine(cas: 1539-42-0) is a secondary amine with two picolyl substituents. The compound is a tridentate ligand in coordination chemistry and commonly used to produce Zn-based chemosensors/probes, such as Zinpry.Product Details of 1539-42-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《The laser-induced potential jump: A method for rapid electron injection into oxidoreductase enzymes》 was written by Sanchez, Monica L. K.; Konecny, Sara E.; Narehood, Sarah M.; Reijerse, Edward J.; Lubitz, Wolfgang; Birrell, James A.; Dyer, R. Brian. Application of 1134-35-6 And the article was included in Journal of Physical Chemistry B in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Oxidoreductase enzymes often perform technol. useful chem. transformations using abundant metal cofactors with high efficiency under ambient conditions. The understanding of the catalytic mechanism of these enzymes is, however, highly dependent on the availability of well-characterized and optimized time-resolved anal. techniques. We have developed an approach for rapidly injecting electrons into a catalytic system using a photoactivated nanomaterial in combination with a range of redox mediators to produce a potential jump in solution, which then initiates turnover via electron transfer (ET) to the catalyst. The ET events at the nanomaterial-mediator-catalyst interfaces are, however, highly sensitive to the exptl. conditions such as photon flux, relative concentrations of system components, and pH. Here, we present a systematic optimization of these exptl. parameters for a specific catalytic system, namely, [FeFe] hydrogenase from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (CrHydA1). The developed strategies can, however, be applied in the study of a wide variety of oxidoreductase enzymes. Our potential jump system consists of CdSe/CdS core-shell nanorods as a photosensitizer and a series of substituted bipyridinium salts as mediators with redox potentials in the range from -550 to -670 mV (vs. SHE). With these components, we screened the effect of pH, mediator concentration, protein concentration, photosensitizer concentration, and photon flux on steady-state photoreduction and hydrogen production as well as ET and potential jump efficiency. By manipulating these exptl. conditions, we show the potential of simple modifications to improve the tunability of the potential jump for application to study oxidoreductases. After reading the article, we found that the author used 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Application of 1134-35-6)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Application of 1134-35-6 Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Oxadiazole-functionalized fibers for selective adsorption of Hg2+》 was written by Du, Huimin; Xie, Yujia; Zhang, Haonan; Chima, Anyaegbu; Tao, Minli; Zhang, Wenqin. Recommanded Product: 103-74-2 And the article was included in Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Six kinds of 1,3,4-oxadiazole-functionalized fibers were prepared to evaluate the adsorption capacity for Hg2+. Finally, a functionalized fiber (PANp-PMODF) with the best adsorption performance was selected for further research. The PANp-PMODF fiber was characterized by IR (IR), elemental anal. (EA), SEM (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and XPS. The PANp-PMODF shows excellent selectivity for mercury ions in a mixed heavy metal ion solution (Hg2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Zn2+, Ag+, Co2+, Cr3+, Cu2+, and Cd2+), and it can reduce the concentration of Hg2+ to 44 ppb in the actual sewage, which is of great practical value for the treatment of mercury pollution. Furthermore, the adsorbed Hg2+ can be desorbed completely by dilute HNO3 and the PANp-PMODF can be reused many times with excellent recyclability. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2Recommanded Product: 103-74-2)

2-(2-Hydroxyethyl)pyridine(cas: 103-74-2) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Recommanded Product: 103-74-2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《An Insight into the Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Tris(4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)iron(II) by Bromate》 was written by Shazia Summer; Shamim, Afshan; Khattak, Rozina; Qamar, Noshab; Naqvi, Iftikhar Imam. Quality Control of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine And the article was included in Russian Journal of Physical Chemistry A in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Kinetic investigation of oxidation of tris(4,4′-dimethyl, 2,2′-bipyridine)iron(II) by bromate has been undertaken. The redox reaction between [Fe(dmbpy)3]2+ and bromate ion (BrO-3) was monitored spectrophotometrically under the pseudo-first order condition i.e.[BrO-3] ≫ [Fe(dmbpy)3]2+. Kinetic data revealed that the pseudo first order rate constant (kobs) is independent of the concentration of [Fe(dmbpy)3]2+. Though, when concentration of bromate ion is increased in reaction mixture at fixed pH, the rate also increases up to the saturation point at higher concentrations, indicating a precursor complex formation and an outer-sphere mechanism. The influence of accelerating [H+] and ionic strength on reaction rate were also investigated. The increasing values of the rate constant at low pH mention the involvement of protonated bromate species (HBrO3 and H2BrO+3) in the rate-determining step. However, a rise in the value of the rate constant with increasing ionic strength implies the diprotonated species, H2BrO+3, as the reactive species. On the basis of these conclusions, we were able to postulate the appropriate mechanism and the rate law of this redox reaction. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Quality Control of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Quality Control of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Direct Femtosecond Laser Printing of Silk Fibroin Microstructures》 was written by Santos, Moliria V.; Paula, Kelly T.; de Andrade, Marcelo B.; Gomes, Emmanuel M.; Marques, Lippy F.; Ribeiro, Sidney J. L.; Mendonca, Cleber R.. Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine And the article was included in ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Fabrication of functional silk fibroin microstructures has extensive applications in biotechnol. and photonics. Considerable progress has been made based on lithog. methods and self-assembly approaches. However, most methods require chem. modification of silk fibroin, which restricts the functionalities of the designed materials. At the same time, femtosecond laser-induced forward transfer (fs-LIFT) has been explored as a simple and attractive processing tool for microprinting of high-resolution structures. The authors propose the use of LIFT with fs-pulses for creating high-resolution structures of regenerated silk fibroin (SF). Furthermore, upon adding Eu3+/Tb3+ complexes to SF, the authors have been able to demonstrate the printing by LIFT of luminescent SF structures with a resolution ∼2μm and without material degradation This approach provides a facile method for printing well-defined two-dimensional (2D) micropatterns of pure and functionalized SF, which can be used in a wide range of optical and biomedical applications. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

《Electrochemical Synthesis of Hindered Primary and Secondary Amines via Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer》 was written by Lehnherr, Dan; Lam, Yu-hong; Nicastri, Michael C.; Liu, Jinchu; Newman, Justin A.; Regalado, Erik L.; DiRocco, Daniel A.; Rovis, Tomislav. SDS of cas: 100-48-1 And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2020. The article conveys some information:

Accessing hindered amines, particularly primary amines α to a fully substituted carbon center, is synthetically challenging. We report an electrochem. method to access such hindered amines starting from benchtop-stable iminium salts and cyanoheteroarenes. A wide variety of substituted heterocycles (pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, purine, azaindole) can be utilized in the cross-coupling reaction, including those substituted with a halide, trifluoromethyl, ester, amide, or ether group, a heterocycle, or an unprotected alc. or alkyne. Mechanistic insight based on DFT data, as well as cyclic voltammetry and NMR spectroscopy, suggests that a proton-coupled electron-transfer mechanism is operational as part of a hetero-biradical cross-coupling of α-amino radicals and radicals derived from cyanoheteroarenes. Safety: cyanide may be released as a byproduct leading to release of toxic HCN. In addition to this study using 4-Cyanopyridine, there are many other studies that have used 4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1SDS of cas: 100-48-1) was used in this study.

4-Cyanopyridine(cas: 100-48-1) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. SDS of cas: 100-48-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《Synthesis of Hetero-multinuclear Metal Complexes by Site-Selective Redox Switching and Transmetalation on a Homo-multinuclear Complex》 were Ube, Hitoshi; Endo, Kenichi; Sato, Hiroyasu; Shionoya, Mitsuhiko. And the article was published in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2019. Quality Control of 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine The author mentioned the following in the article:

Hetero-multinuclear metal complexes are a promising class of compounds applicable to photoluminescence, magnetism, and catalysis. The authors have developed a synthetic method for hetero-tetranuclear cobalt and nickel cage complexes [M4L3X6]n+ with a bipyridyl functionalized zinc porphyrin (L) by combining advantages of site-selective redox switching and transmetalation. First, a homo-tetranuclear CoII4 complex was converted to a mixed-valence CoIIICoII3 complex by site-selective oxidation, which was then transmetalated from CoII to NiII to form a heterometallic CoIIINiII3 complex. Finally, a CoIINiII3 complex was synthesized by metal-selective reduction on the CoIII site. The basic structural frameworks of the main products in the whole process starting from the CoII4 complex are isostructural. Notably, the CoIINiII3 complex was not accessible by direct mixing of ligand, CoII, and NiII. This method would provide an alternative strategy for highly selective synthesis of hetero-multinuclear metal complexes. In the experimental materials used by the author, we found 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Quality Control of 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine)

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. When pyridine is adsorbed on oxide surfaces or in porous materials, the following species are commonly observed: (i) pyridine coordinated to Lewis acid sites, (ii) pyridine H-bonded to weakly acidic hydroxyls, and (iii) protonated pyridine. At high coverage, physisorbed pyridine and protonated dimers can also be observed.Quality Control of 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The author of 《Preparation and characterization of metallomicelles of Ru(II). Cytotoxic activity and use as vector》 were Lebron, J. A.; Ostos, F. J.; Lopez-Lopez, M.; Moya, M. L.; Kardell, O.; Sanchez, A.; Carrasco, C. J.; Garcia-Calderon, M.; Garcia-Calderon, C. B.; Rosado, I. V.; Lopez-Cornejo, P.. And the article was published in Colloids and Surfaces, B: Biointerfaces in 2019. Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine The author mentioned the following in the article:

The use of nanovectors in several medicinal treatments has reached a great importance in the last decade. Some drugs need to be protected to increase their lifetimes in the blood flow, to avoid degradation, to be delivered into target cells or to decrease their side effects. The goal of this work was to design and prepare nanovectors formed by novel surfactants derived from the [Ru(bpy)3]2+ complex. These amphiphilic mols. are assembled to form metallomicelles which can act as pharmaceutical agents and, at the same time, as nanovectors for several drugs. TEM images showed a structural transition from spherical to elongated micelles when the surfactant concentration increased. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the internalization of these metallomicelles into diverse cell lines and cytotoxicity assays demonstrated specificity for some human cancer cells. The encapsulation of various antibiotics was carried out as well as a thorough study about the DNA condensation by the metallomicelles. To the best of our knowledge, applications of these metallomicelles have not been shown in the literature yet.4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was used in this study.

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Name: 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Journal of the American Chemical Society included an article by Liu, Kanglei; Lalancette, Roger A.; Jakle, Frieder. Computed Properties of C6H6BrN. The article was titled 《Tuning the Structure and Electronic Properties of B-N Fused Dipyridylanthracene and Implications on the Self-Sensitized Reactivity with Singlet Oxygen》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

We demonstrate that the modification of anthracene with B ← N Lewis pairs at their periphery serves as a highly effective tool to modify the electronic structure with important ramifications on the generation and reactivity toward singlet oxygen. A series of BN-fused dipyridylanthracenes with Me groups in different positions of the pyridyl ring have been prepared via directed electrophilic borylation. The steric and electronic effects of the substituents on the structural features and electronic properties of the isomeric borane-functionalized products have been investigated in detail, aided by exptl. tools and computational studies. We find that BDPA-2Me, with Me groups adjacent to the pyridyl N, has the longest B-N distance and shows overall less structural distortions, whereas BDPA-5Me with the Me group close to the anthracene backbone experiences severe distortions that are reflected in the buckling of the anthracene framework and dislocation of the boron atoms from the planes of the Ph rings they are attached to. The substitution pattern also has a dramatic effect on the self-sensitized reactivity of the acenes toward O2 and the thermal release of singlet oxygen from the resp. endoperoxides. Kinetic analyses reveal that BDPA-2Me rapidly reacts with O2, whereas BDPA-5Me is converted only very slowly to its endoperoxide. However, the latter serves as an effective singlet oxygen sensitizer, as demonstrated in the preferential formation of the endoperoxide of dimethylanthracene in a competition experiment These results demonstrate that even relatively small modifications in the substitution of the pyridyl ring of BN-fused dipyridylanthracenes change the steric and electronic structure, resulting in dramatically different reactivity patterns. Our findings provide important guidelines for the design of highly effective sensitizers for singlet oxygen on one hand and the realization of materials that readily form endoperoxides in a self-sensitized manner and then thermally release singlet oxygen on demand on the other hand. The experimental part of the paper was very detailed, including the reaction process of 2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5Computed Properties of C6H6BrN)

2-Bromo-5-methylpyridine(cas: 3510-66-5) belongs to pyridine. Pyridine is very deactivated towards electrophilic substitution with respect to benzene. For this reason classical formylation, using methods such as the Gattermann or Vilsmeier reactions, are not generally successful. Computed Properties of C6H6BrN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

In 2019,Journal of Coordination Chemistry included an article by Momeni, Badri Zaman; Fathi, Nastaran; Janczak, Jan; Shahsavari, Zahra. Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine. The article was titled 《Dihaloplatinum(II) complexes having diimine ligands: crystal structure, thermal properties, cytotoxicity effects against breast cancer cells and application as a precursor towards nanoparticles》. The information in the text is summarized as follows:

The reaction of potassium tetrachloroplatinate(II) with di-Me sulfide and a mixture of HBr/KBr affords trans-[PtBr2(SMe2)2]; [PtBr2(Me2bpy)] (Me2bpy = 4,4′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was prepared from the reaction of trans-[PtBr2(SMe2)2] with Me2bpy. The crystal structure of the yellow form of [PtBr2(bu2bpy)] (bu2bpy = 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine) was determined by x-ray crystallog. The x-ray single-crystal structure determination of complex [PtBr2(bu2bpy)] reveals that the platinum adopts a square planar geometry with a twofold axis through the platinum atoms. Thermal properties of the related series of diimine platinum(II) complexes [PtX2(bu2bpy)] (X = Cl, Br, I) reveal that the thermal stabilities increase [PtI2(bu2bpy)] < [PtCl2(bu2bpy)] < [PtBr2(bu2bpy)]. [PtBr2(bpy)] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), [PtBr2(Me2bpy)] and [PtX2(bu2bpy)] (X = Cl, Br, I) were studied by MTT assay against two human breast cancer cell lines of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-468 with [PtCl2(bu2bpy)] having a higher cytotoxic effect towards both cancer cell lines, which shows the significant role of the halide and diimine ligand. Semi-spherical Pt(0) nanoparticles (NPCs) were prepared by the simple calcination of [PtX2(bu2bpy)] (X = Cl, Br, I) at 800° in air. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4,4'-Dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine)

4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine(cas: 1134-35-6) is used as a chemical Intermediate. It can be used for the determination of ferrous and cyanide compounds.Application In Synthesis of 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine Furthermore, 4,4′-Dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine is used in the synthesis of a series of o-phenanthroline-substituted ruthenium(II) complexes.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem