Tag: 100-200

Cyrene as a Bio-Based Solvent for the Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling was written by Wilson, Kirsty L.;Murray, Jane;Jamieson, Craig;Watson, Allan J. B.. And the article was included in Synlett in 2018.Name: 5-Hydroxy-2-methoxylpyridine This article mentions the following:

The Suzuki-Miyaura (SM) cross-coupling is the most broadly utilized Pd-catalyzed C-C bond-forming reaction in the chem. industry. A large proportion of SM couplings employ dipolar aprotic solvents; however, current sustainability initiatives and increasingly stringent regulations advocate the use of alternatives that exhibit more desirable properties. Here the scope and utility of the bio-derived solvent Cyrene in SM cross-couplings and evaluate its suitability as a reaction medium for this benchmark transformation from discovery to gram scale is described. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Hydroxy-2-methoxylpyridine (cas: 51834-97-0Name: 5-Hydroxy-2-methoxylpyridine).

5-Hydroxy-2-methoxylpyridine (cas: 51834-97-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Name: 5-Hydroxy-2-methoxylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Selective α-Deuteration of Cinnamonitriles using D₂O as Deuterium Source was written by Guo, Beibei;de Vries, Johannes G.;Otten, Edwin. And the article was included in Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis in 2022.Formula: C12H9NO This article mentions the following:

The selective α-deuteration of α,β-unsaturated nitriles using the strong base t-BuOK or a metal-ligand cooperative Ru pincer catalyst was described. With D₂O as deuterium source and glyme as solvent at 70°C, t-BuOK is an efficient catalyst for deuteration at the α-C(sp²) position of cinnamonitriles, providing access to a broad range of deuterated derivatives in good to excellent yields and with very high levels of deuterium incorporation. While the t-BuOK-catalyzed protocol does not tolerate base-sensitive functional groups, cinnamonitrile derivatives containing a benzylic bromide or ester moiety were deuterated in excellent yields using Milstein’s ruthenium PNN pincer catalyst. Moreover, the activity for H/D exchange of the metal-ligand cooperative Ru catalyst was found to be significantly higher than that of t-BuOK, allowing reactions to proceed well even at room temperature A mechanistic proposal is put forward that involves deprotonation of the cinnamonitrile α-CH position when using t-BuOK as catalyst, whereas H/D exchange catalysis with the Ru PNN pincer likely proceeds via (reversible) oxa-Michael addition of D₂O. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1Formula: C12H9NO).

Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Formula: C12H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Multimetallic Ni- and Pd-Catalyzed Cross-Electrophile Coupling To Form Highly Substituted 1,3-Dienes was written by Olivares, Astrid M.;Weix, Daniel J.. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 2018.Computed Properties of C10H17NO2 This article mentions the following:

The synthesis of highly substituted 1,3-dienes from the coupling of vinyl bromides with vinyl triflates is reported for the first time. The coupling is catalyzed by a combination of (5,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-2,2′-bipyridine)NiBr₂ and (1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane)PdCl₂ in the presence of a zinc reductant. This method affords tetra- and penta-substituted 1,3-dienes that would otherwise be difficult to access and tolerates electron-rich and -poor substituents, heterocycles, an aryl bromide, and a pinacol boronate ester. Mechanistically, the reaction appears to proceed by an unusual zinc-mediated transfer of a vinyl group between the nickel and palladium centers. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4Computed Properties of C10H17NO2).

tert-Butyl 5,6-dihydropyridine-1(2H)-carboxylate (cas: 85838-94-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine, its benzo and pyridine-based compounds play diverse roles in organic chemistry. Pyridine-based materials are valued for their optical and physical properties as well as their medical potential. Computed Properties of C10H17NO2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Alkylation of pyridine in free radical chain reactions utilizing alkylmercurials was written by Russell, Glen A.;Guo, Deliang;Khanna, Rajive K.. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 1985.HPLC of Formula: 27876-24-0 This article mentions the following:

Pyridines or N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine will undergo a photostimulated free radical chain reaction with alkylmercury halides or carboxylates yielding ring alkylated substitution products. Alkene mercuration products can be used without isolation for the alkylation reaction. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Hexylpyridine (cas: 27876-24-0HPLC of Formula: 27876-24-0).

4-Hexylpyridine (cas: 27876-24-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.HPLC of Formula: 27876-24-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Diazotization and diazo reactions of 2-aminopyridine was written by Chichibabin, A. E.. And the article was included in J. Russ. Phys.-Chem. Soc. in 1920.Synthetic Route of C11H9NO This article mentions the following:

Attempts made to introduce the C₅H₅N nucleus into organic compounds by the Grignard reaction on 2-bromo- and 2-iodopyridine failed; the preparation of these substances from Na 2-pyridineisodiazoxide (C. A. 10, 2898) has been improved and is described. Successful results are, however, obtained by the interaction of the latter substance with phenol. After removing phenol, etc., 3 substances are obtained, one of which may be readily separated owing to its insolubility in alkali hydroxides. This consists of 2-phenoxypyridine, b. 277-.5°, m. 46-8°, possessing an odor reminiscent of Ph₂O; the orange chloroplatinate, m. 175-7°, and the picrate were also prepared The 2 compounds soluble in alkali are isomeric pyridylphenols, and may be separated by crystallization from C₆H₆. The less soluble compound seps. in white leaflets or thick, lustrous, hexagonal plates containing a mol. of C₆H₆ of crystallization; after removing the latter it m. 159-60° and is readily soluble both in dilute acids and alkalies, being precipitated from the latter by CO₂. It is probably p-2-pyridylphenol. The HCl salt, m. 215-8°; the chloroplatinate, orange-yellow, m. 210-1.5° (decomposition), while the sparingly soluble picrate, m. 202-3°. The 2nd, more soluble pyridylphenol is probably o-2-pyridylphenol, and is obtained in large, greenish yellow prisms, m. 56°; it is less soluble in alc. than the preceding compound and its phenolic properties are less marked; the yellow color may perhaps be due to a quinonoid structure. The HCl salt is obtained in a hydrated form, colorless prisms, m. 56°, which lose water in a desiccator, the anhydrous substance m. 167-70°. The chloroplatinate, softens at 227-8°. The picrate, yellow, m. 174°. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Synthetic Route of C11H9NO).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Synthetic Route of C11H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials of a mononuclear Fe(II) Schiff base complex with photocatalytic activity in Trigonella was written by Mahapatra, Kalyan;Ghosh, Ayon Kanti;De, Sayanti;Ghosh, Noyel;Sadhukhan, Pritam;Chatterjee, Sharmistha;Ghosh, Rajarshi;Sil, Parames C.;Roy, Sujit. And the article was included in Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, General Subjects in 2020.Related Products of 91-02-1 This article mentions the following:

In recent times, coordination complexes of iron in various oxidation states along with variety of ligand systems have been designed and developed for effective treatment of cancer cells without adversely affecting the normal cell and tissues of various organs. In this study, we have evaluated the mechanism of action of a Fe(II) Schiff base complex in the crop plant Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (Fenugreek) as the screening system by using morphol., cytol., biochem. and mol. approaches. Further functional characterization was performed using MCF-7 cell line and solid tumor model for the assessment of anti-tumor activity of the complex. Our results indicate efficiency of the Fe(II) Schiff base complex in the induction of double strand breaks in DNA. Complex treatment clearly induced cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in Trigonella seedlings. The Fe-complex treatment caused cell cycle arrest via the activation of ATM-ATR kinase mediated DNA damage response pathway with the compromised expression of CDK1, CDK2 and CyclinB1 protein in Trigonella seedlings. In cultured MCF-7 cells, the complex induces cytotoxicity and DNA fragmentation through intracellular ROS generation. Fe-complex treatment inhibited tumor growth in solid tumor model with no addnl. side effects. The growth inhibitory and cytotoxic effects of the complex result from activation of DNA damage response along with oxidative stress and cell cycle arrest. Overall, our results have provided comprehensive information on the mechanism of action and efficacy of a Fe(II) Schiff base complex in higher eukaryotic genomes and indicated its future implications as potential therapeutic agent. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1Related Products of 91-02-1).

Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Related Products of 91-02-1

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Cobalt-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation of Nitrogen-Containing Arenes with Alkynes: An Atom-Economical Route to Heterocyclic Quaternary Ammonium Salts was written by Prakash, Sekar;Muralirajan, Krishnamoorthy;Cheng, Chien-Hong. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2016.Related Products of 4373-61-9 This article mentions the following:

Four cobalt-catalyzed oxidative annulation reactions of nitrogen-containing arenes with alkynes proceeds by C-H activation, thus leading to biol. useful quaternary ammonium salts, including pyridoisoquinolinium, cinnolinium, isoquinolinium, and quinolizinium salts, in high yields. The results are comparable to those reactions catalyzed by rhodium and ruthenium complexes. The transformation of the salts into various N-heterocycles has also been demonstrated. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9Related Products of 4373-61-9).

2-(m-Tolyl)pyridine (cas: 4373-61-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Related Products of 4373-61-9

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Discovery, synthesis and characterization of a series of (1-alkyl-3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-2-(5-aryl-2H-tetrazol-2-yl)acetamides as novel GIRK1/2 potassium channel activators was written by Sharma, Swagat;Kozek, Krystian A.;Abney, Kristopher K.;Kumar, Sushil;Gautam, Nagsen;Alnouti, Yazen;David Weaver, C.;Hopkins, Corey R.. And the article was included in Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters in 2019.Electric Literature of C6H3FN2 This article mentions the following:

The study described the discovery and characterization of a series of 5-aryl-2H-tetrazol-3-yl acetamides as G protein-gated inwardly-rectifying potassium (GIRK) channels activators. Working from an initial hit discovered during a high-throughput screening campaign, a tetrazole scaffold was identified that shifts away from the previously reported urea-based scaffolds while remaining effective GIRK1/2 channel activators. In addition, the compounds were evaluated in Tier 1 DMPK assays and identified a (3-methyl-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)tetrahydrothiophene-1,1-dioxide head group that imparts interesting and unexpected microsomal stability compared to previously-reported pyrazole head groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 6-Fluoropicolinonitrile (cas: 3939-15-9Electric Literature of C6H3FN2).

6-Fluoropicolinonitrile (cas: 3939-15-9) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Electric Literature of C6H3FN2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Rationalizations among heterocyclic partition coefficients. Part 2: The azines was written by Lewis, Susan J.;Mirrlees, Margaret S.;Taylor, Peter J.. And the article was included in Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationships in 1983.Recommanded Product: 4783-68-0 This article mentions the following:

π-Values (partition substituent constants) of 246 azines are given and discussed in terms of Δπ, the difference in π-value from that expected for C₆H₆. It is shown that Δπ is close to zero for alkyl and most halogen groups, but for polar substituents capable of H bonding it may be as high as φ1.6. Except for peri-positions, these Δπ-values may be correlated by a set of equations specific for different types of substituent position and containing terms which sep. parameterize proton-donor and -acceptor ability. The rationale behind this treatment is justified in terms of the nature of the octanol-H₂O partitioning process and the manner in which electronic effects are expected to operate, in this context and that of the individual mol. Other topics discussed include: reasons for deviations among “irregular” substituents; the special problems of peri-positions; multisubstitution; and some consequences of this anal. for other types of compound In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0Recommanded Product: 4783-68-0).

2-Phenoxypyridine (cas: 4783-68-0) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Halopyridines are particularly attractive synthetic building blocks in a variety of cross-coupling methods, including the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction.Recommanded Product: 4783-68-0

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Novel N-{o-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-yl]-ethyl}pyrid-2(1H)-ones with diversified 5-HT_1A receptor activity was written by Paluchowska, Maria H.;Bugno, Ryszard;Charakchieva-Minol, Sijka;Wesolowska, Anna;Chojnacka-Wojcik, Ewa. And the article was included in Polish Journal of Pharmacology in 2002.Synthetic Route of C11H9NO This article mentions the following:

Novel o-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)piperazin-1-y1]ethyl derivatives containing 4-, 5- and/or 6-arylsubstituted pyrid- 2(1H)-one moiety were synthesized. All the new compounds were examined in vitro to assess their 5-HT_1A and 5-HT_2A receptor affinities. Compounds with a 5- or a 6-phenylsubstituted pyridone ring demonstrated high 5-HT_1A receptor affinity (K_i = 17 and 38 nM, resp.) and were tested in behavioral functional models. One of derivatives can be regarded as a weak 5-HT_1A postsynaptic antagonist, whereas other showed features of a weak partial agonist of 5-HT_1A receptors (an agonist of pre- and an antagonist of postsynaptic ones). Binding affinities and in vivo results were discussed in comparison with those for the previously described tetramethylene analogs. The obtained results showed that the shortening of the aliphatic chain to two methylene groups exposed the intrinsic activity of the ligands at 5-HT_1A receptor sites. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Phenylpyridin-2-ol (cas: 76053-45-7Synthetic Route of C11H9NO).

5-Phenylpyridin-2-ol (cas: 76053-45-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.Synthetic Route of C11H9NO

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem