Tag: 100-200

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Antibacterial Activity of 1,2,4-Triazoles and 1,2,4-Triazol-3-one was written by Ben Salah, Bochra;Chaari, Najla;Rekik, Awatef;Ben Hsouna, Anis;Trigui, Mohamed;Kossentini, Mohamed. And the article was included in Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry in 2015.Electric Literature of C5H6ClN This article mentions the following:

A straightforward method has been developed for the synthesis of 1,2,4-triazol-3-one 3 and 1,2,4-triazoles 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d starting from N¹-substituted-N¹-tosylhydrazonates 2 and hydrazine monohydrate. This methodol. affords a number of 1,2,4-triazol-3-one 3 and 1,2,4-triazoles 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d in reasonable yields. The structures of all new compounds were elucidated using IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, high-resolution mass spectrometry, elemental anal., and the X-ray crystallog. (for compounds 3 and 6a). Some of the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7Electric Literature of C5H6ClN).

Pyridinehydrochloride (cas: 628-13-7) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Electric Literature of C5H6ClN

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Research progress in degradation of ionic liquids was written by Dong, Shijia;Zhang, Bixian;Gao, Yunfei;Hu, Xiaomei. And the article was included in Huagong Jinzhan in 2015.Application In Synthesis of 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride This article mentions the following:

A review, with 41 references, is given on the research progress in degradation of ionic liquids As”green solvents”, ionic liquids have attracted much attention in the area of electrochem., organic chem. and biochem. Recent studies focus on the synthesis and application of ionic liquids However, the studies on degradation of ionic liquids which concerned with environment are not enough. The degradation of ionic liquids is required before the large-scale use of ionic liquids In this study, chem. degradation method and biodegradation method are summarized. The chem. degradation is mainly achieved by UV/H₂O₂, Fe(III)/H₂O₂ and electrolysis system. Biol. degradation is achieved by introducing functional groups with enzymic site, or using monooxygenase to oxidize the Me terminal of alkyl side chain on the cation of ionic liquids into hydroxyl and aldehyde to form carboxylic groups, and then β-oxidation is carried out. Different chem. structures of ionic liquids are designed according to different mechanism between chem. and biol. degradation, for example, changing the length of alkyl chain or introducing the functional groups that are easily degradable and selection of microorganism could improve efficiency of degradation of ionic liquids In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3Application In Synthesis of 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride).

1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a conjugated system of six π electrons that are delocalized over the ring. The molecule is planar and, thus, follows the Hückel criteria for aromatic systems. Several pyridine derivatives play important roles in biological systems. While its biosynthesis is not fully understood, nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) occurs in some bacteria, fungi, and mammals.Application In Synthesis of 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Cross-Coupling Reactions through the Intramolecular Activation of Alkyl(triorgano)silanes was written by Nakao, Yoshiaki;Takeda, Masahide;Matsumoto, Takuya;Hiyama, Tamejiro. And the article was included in Angewandte Chemie, International Edition in 2010.Reference of 644-98-4 This article mentions the following:

Cross-coupling reactions of 2-(2-hydroxyprop-2-yl)phenyl-substituted alkylsilanes, e.g., I, with a variety of aryl bromides/chlorides, e.g., 4-chlorobenzonitrile, proceeded in the presence of palladium and copper catalysts to give alkyl-coupled products, e.g., 4-butylbenzonitrile. The use of K₃PO₄ allowed for highly chemoselective alkyl coupling with both primary and secondary alkyl groups. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Reference of 644-98-4).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Reference of 644-98-4

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Synthesis, structure, and magnetic property of a new Fe(II)-Fe(III) alternating single-chain magnet constructed with a methyl-substituted bpca^– ligand was written by Tanaka, Hiroki;Kajiwara, Takashi;Kaneko, Yukihiro;Takaishi, Shinya;Yamashita, Masahiro. And the article was included in Polyhedron in 2007.Name: 4-Methylpicolinonitrile This article mentions the following:

A new Fe(II)-Fe(III) alternating single chain magnet, catena-[Fe^II(ClO₄)(H₂O){Fe^III(bmpca)₂}](ClO₄)₂, was synthesized using the methyl-substituted bpca^– ligand, bmpca^– (Hbpca and Hbmpca denote bis(2-pyridylcarbonyl)amine and bis(4-methyl-2-pyridylcarbonyl)amine, resp.). The one-dimensional complex shows ferrimagnetic behavior and frequency dependent out-of-phase ac susceptibility χ”_m with the α parameter of 0.25 estimated by the semicircle Cole-Cole plot. The activation energy Δ was estimated to be 19(1) K from an Arrhenius plot. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 4-Methylpicolinonitrile (cas: 1620-76-4Name: 4-Methylpicolinonitrile).

4-Methylpicolinonitrile (cas: 1620-76-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Name: 4-Methylpicolinonitrile

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Transannular bond formation between the amino and the sulfonio groups in 6,7-dihydro-6-methyl-5H-dibenzo[b,g][1,5]thiazocinium salts. The first example of a sulfurane with an apical alkyl group was written by Akiba, Kinya;Takee, Kohichi;Shimizu, Yasuko;Ohkata, Katsuo. And the article was included in Journal of the American Chemical Society in 1986.Synthetic Route of C8H11N This article mentions the following:

A series of S-substituted N-methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[b,g](1,5)thiazocinium salts I (X = Me, Et, MeO, EtO; Y = PF₆, SbCl₆) was prepared from the S-chloro derivative I (X = Cl), which was obtained from the corresponding sulfoxide and SOCl₂. An excellent linear relationship was observed between the ¹H and the ¹³C NMR chem. shifts of the N-Me group and Hammett’s σ_m substituent constants at the sulfur. The structures of I were shown to be ammoniosulfuranes with a distorted trigonal-bipyramidal geometry around the sulfur atom. The nitrogen atom lies well within the sum of the van der Waals radii of N and S, and the N–S distance (2.10-2.50 Å) shortens according to the increase of electron-withdrawing character of the substituent on the sulfur atom. Addnl. evidence for I (X = Me, Y = PF₆) came from the low reactivity (1/1300) of transmethylation to pyridine compared with its related Ph₂S⁺MeBF₄^–. In connection with transmethylation of S-adenosylmethionine, intramol. interaction between the amino and sulfonio groups are discussed for some methylsulfonium salts in which the nitrogen base (amino or pyridyl group) is substituted at the side chain. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Synthetic Route of C8H11N).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Synthetic Route of C8H11N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Iodine-promoted controlled and selective oxidation of (aryl)(heteroaryl)methanes was written by Guha, Somraj;Kazi, Imran;Sathish, Dhamodharan;Sekar, Govindasamy. And the article was included in Journal of Organic Chemistry in 2022.Name: Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone This article mentions the following:

Herein, an iodine-catalyzed controlled oxidation of (aryl)(heteroaryl)methanes to (aryl)(heteroaryl)methanols ArCH(O)Ar¹ [Ar = Ph, 2-MeC₆H₄, 4-ClC₆H₄, etc.; Ar¹ = pyridin-2-yl, benzothiazol-2-yl] was disclosed under metal-free reaction conditions. A catalytic system comprised of iodine/silyl chloride with HI as an additive in the presence of DMSO selectively oxidize the C(sp³)-H bonds without being over oxidized to corresponding ketones. Therapeutically important aryl heteroaryl methanol derivatives were obtained in good yields. The preliminary mechanistic investigation proved that the primary source of oxygen was DMSO. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1Name: Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone).

Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone (cas: 91-02-1) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The pyridine ring occurs in many important compounds, including agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and vitamins. Pyridine derivatives are also useful as small-molecule α-helix mimetics that inhibit protein-protein interactions, as well as functionally selective GABA ligands.Name: Phenyl(pyridin-2-yl)methanone

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Discovery of Orally Efficacious Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase δ Inhibitors with Improved Metabolic Stability was written by Patel, Leena;Chandrasekhar, Jayaraman;Evarts, Jerry;Forseth, Kristen;Haran, Aaron C.;Ip, Carmen;Kashishian, Adam;Kim, Musong;Koditek, David;Koppenol, Sandy;Lad, Latesh;Lepist, Eve-Irene;McGrath, Mary E.;Perreault, Stephane;Puri, Kamal D.;Villasenor, Armando G.;Somoza, John R.;Steiner, Bart H.;Therrien, Joseph;Treiberg, Jennifer;Phillips, Gary. And the article was included in Journal of Medicinal Chemistry in 2016.Formula: C8H10N2 This article mentions the following:

Aberrant signaling of phosphoinositide-3-kinase delta (PI3K-delta) has been implicated in numerous pathologies including hematol. malignancies and rheumatoid arthritis. Described in this manuscript is the discovery, optimization and in vivo evaluation of a novel series of pyridine-containing PI3K-delta inhibitors. This work led to the discovery of I, a highly selective inhibitor of PI3K-delta which displays an excellent pharmacokinetic profile and is efficacious in a rodent model of rheumatoid arthritis. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 5-Cyclopropylpyridin-3-amine (cas: 1314353-68-8Formula: C8H10N2).

5-Cyclopropylpyridin-3-amine (cas: 1314353-68-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine is diamagnetic and has a diamagnetic susceptibility of −48.7 × 10−6 cm3·mol−1.The molecular electric dipole moment is 2.2 debyes. The standard enthalpy of formation is 100.2 kJ·mol−1 in the liquid phase and 140.4 kJ·mol−1 in the gas phase. Pyridine groups exist in countless molecules, and their applications include catalysis, drug design, molecular recognition, and natural product synthesis.Formula: C8H10N2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Direct Alkylation of 1-Azabicyclo[1.1.0]butanes was written by Gianatassio, Ryan;Kadish, Dora. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2019.COA of Formula: C8H11N This article mentions the following:

The facile synthesis of functionalized azetidines has been an ongoing challenge. Here, we report a general method to directly alkylate 1-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane (ABB) with organometal reagents in the presence of Cu(OTf)₂ to rapidly prepare bis-functionalized azetidines. This method allows for the preparation of azetidines bearing alkyl, allyl, vinyl, and benzyl groups. This catalyst system was extended to aziridines and spirocycles. Several building blocks and drug-like compounds were prepared in rapid fashion and in good yield. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4COA of Formula: C8H11N).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridine has a dipole moment and a weaker resonant stabilization than benzene (resonance energy 117 kJ·mol−1 in pyridine vs. 150 kJ·mol−1 in benzene). Many analogues of pyridine are known where N is replaced by other heteroatoms . Substitution of one C–H in pyridine with a second N gives rise to the diazine heterocycles (C4H4N2), with the names pyridazine, pyrimidine, and pyrazine.COA of Formula: C8H11N

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative C-C Bond Cleavage of Alkyl-(Hetero)arenes Enabling Direct Access to Nitriles was written by Xue, Gaijun;Xie, Fukai;Liang, Hongliang;Chen, Guoliang;Dai, Wen. And the article was included in Organic Letters in 2022.Electric Literature of C6H3FN2 This article mentions the following:

The cleavage and functionalization of C-C bonds has emerged as a powerful tool for discovery of new transformations. Herein, authors report a protocol that enables direct synthesis of nitriles via copper-catalyzed oxidative cleavage and cyanation of C-C bonds in a wide variety of multicarbon alkyl-substituted (hetero)arenes. Detailed mechanistic studies reveal that a tandem oxidative process is involved in this transformation. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile (cas: 3939-14-8Electric Literature of C6H3FN2).

2-Fluoroisonicotinonitrile (cas: 3939-14-8) belongs to pyridine derivatives. In contrast to benzene, Pyridine’s electron density is not evenly distributed over the ring, reflecting the negative inductive effect of the nitrogen atom. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.Electric Literature of C6H3FN2

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

The effect of adding Crabtree’s catalyst to rhodium black in direct hydrogen isotope exchange reactions was written by Schou, Soeren Christian. And the article was included in Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals in 2009.Safety of 2-Isopropylpyridine This article mentions the following:

A new catalytic system based on rhodium black using Crabtree’s catalyst as an additive for direct hydrogen isotope exchange in aromatic compounds has been investigated. The level of deuterium incorporation can be improved from for example 16 to 93%. The new catalyst mixture tolerates a variety of solvents. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4Safety of 2-Isopropylpyridine).

2-Isopropylpyridine (cas: 644-98-4) belongs to pyridine derivatives. Pyridines are an important class of heterocycles and occur in polysubstituted forms in many naturally occurring biologically active compounds, drug molecules and chiral ligands. Reduced pyridines, namely tetrahydropyridines, dihydropyridines and piperidines, are found in numerous natural and synthetic compounds. The synthesis and reactivity of these compounds have often been driven by the fact many of these compounds have interesting and unique pharmacological properties. Safety of 2-Isopropylpyridine

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem