Tag: M.W=300-350

Thomas, K. V. published the artcileThe environmental fate and behaviour of antifouling paint booster biocides: A review, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives, the publication is Biofouling (2001), 17(1), 73-86, database is CAplus.

A review with references Antifouling paint booster biocides are a group of organic compounds added to antifouling paints to improve their efficacy. They have become prevalent since the requirement for alternative antifouling paints formulations for small boats (<25m). This need followed a ban on the use of triorganotin biocides in antifouling paints for small boats, in the late 1980’s. Worldwide, around eighteen compounds are currently used as antifouling biocides, viz. benzmethylamide, chlorothalonil, copper pyrithione, dichlofluanid, diuron, fluorofolpet, Irgarol 1051, Sea-Nine 211, Mancozeb, Polyphase, pyridine-triphenylborane, TCMS (2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-methylsulfonyl pyridine), TCMTB [2-(thiocyanomethylthio)benzothiazole], Thiram, tolylfluanid, zinc pyrithione (ZPT), ziram and Zineb. Any booster biocide released into the environment is subjected to a complex set of processes. These processes include transport mechanisms, transformation, degradation, cross media partitioning, and bioaccumulation. This paper reviews the fate and behavior data currently available in the public domain concerning antifouling paint booster biocides.

Biofouling published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C5H5F3O2, Related Products of pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Torssell, Kurt published the artcilePositive halogen compounds. VI. Preparation of alkoxydimethylsulfonium salts and their role in the Kornblum oxidation. Revision of the structure for the olefin-bromotrinitromethane adduct, Quality Control of 971-66-4, the publication is Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1947-1973) (1967), 21(1), 1-14, database is CAplus.

cf. CA 63: 6839b; 65: 19963b. Structure I for the reaction product of BrC(NO2)3 and cyclohexene was revised to II (R = 2-trans-bromocyclohexyl) (III). Treatment of 0.2 g. III in 1 ml. EtOAc with 0.2 g. NaBPh4 gave ROS+Me2B-Ph4 (IV, R = 2-bromocyclohexyl) (V), m. 138-40° (decomposition). III (0.2 g.) was heated with 1 ml. iso-BuOH at 55-6° 45 min. and treated with 0.2 g. NaBPh4 in 1 ml. EtOAc to give 0.19 g. IV (R = iso-Bu) (VI) m. 141-3° (decomposition). ClCO2Bu-iso prepared from 0.16 g. iso-BuOH and a slight excess of COCl2 (10% in ether) was treated, after evaporation of ether, with 1 ml. Me2SO and, after 0.5 hr., 0.7 g. NaBPh4 in 6 ml. 1:1 MeOH-water mixture to give 0.4 g. IV (R = Et), m. 150-60°, remelts ∼260°. III (1 g.) in 4 ml. MeOH kept at 40-50° 20 min., evaporated to half volume in vacuo, and treated with 10 ml. CCl4 to give 0.55 g. II (R = Me). II (R = Me) (0.25 g.) in 1 ml. MeOH was treated with 0.4 g. NaBPh4 in 1 ml. MeOH to give 0.38 g. IV (R = Me) (VII). Me2SO (0.3 g.) was mixed with 0.5 g. Me2SO4, kept at room temperature 24 hrs., treated with 0.75 g. KC(NO2)3 in 5 ml. dimethoxyethane, filtered from KMeSO4, concentrated to 0.5 volume in vacuo, and treated with 10 ml. CCl4 to give 0.3 g. VII, m. 51-2° (decomposition). Treatment of a mixture of 0.5 g. Me2SO4 and 0.3 g. Me2SO with 1.4 g. NaBPh4 in 10 ml. MeOH gave 0.9 g. VII. A bromonium ion (VIII) is suggested. VII (0.2 g.) was heated to 190° in a small bulb tube until gas evolution ceased (∼10 min.) to give 40 mg. condensate composed of benzene and MeOCH2SMe (ir and N.M.R.); the remainder was partially crystalline and gave Ph3BOSMe2 (IX), m. 160-3°. IX can also be obtained by addition of 0.1 ml. concentrated HCl to 0.2 g. NaBPh4 in 2 ml. water. Treatment of 50 mg. IX in 3 ml. EtOAc with 50 mg. pyridine gave Ph3BQ (Q = 1-pyridyl), m. 210° (decomposition), which was also obtained by Pfitzner-Moffat oxidation Pyrolysis of V at 130-40° 5 min. gave mostly benzene and a small amount IX, and pyrolysis of V in Me2SO gave a somewhat higher yield of carbonyl compounds and trans-2-bromocyclohexanol. Thus, the Kornblum oxidation and Barton’s modification (CA 61: 2958e) proceeds via an intermediary sulfonium ion, which collapses to a carbonyl compound and Me2S either by the reaction (1) or a cyclic mechanism (2), giving Me2S and CD3SCD2H when Me2CHCH2OS+(CD3)2B-Ph4 was pyrolyzed. The oxidation follows the mechanism (1) only if the α-proton is activated as in p-BrC6H4COCH2OS+Me2. A mechanism (3) for Pfitzner and Moffat oxidation (CA 64: 6709g) was suggested to proceed via a complex (X). Magnetic nonequivalence for S-methyl resonance peak of V (a doublet, separation 1.7 Hz.) was found. N.M.R. spectrum of VII or II (R = Me) underwent a drastic change when the compounds were heated in (CD3)2SO at 65°. After 1 hr., the absorption of SMe at δ = 3.29 disappeared and a new peak appeared at δ = 2.57 ppm. The peak at δ = 3.97 ppm. had the same intensity as before and only traces of Me2S were detected. The result suggested a carbonium ion exchange (4) comparable with proton exchange in water. The reaction is completely reversible because when XI was dissolved in Me2SO, VII was regenerated. Addition of NaI to VII gave a rapid change of spectrum showing a reaction, Me2SO+Me + NaI → Me2SO + MeI + Na+. Pyrolysis of VII to MeOCH2SMe resembles the Pummerer rearrangement.

Acta Chemica Scandinavica (1947-1973) published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C10H10CoF6P, Quality Control of 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Updegraff, D. M. published the artcileTriarylborane complexes, a new series of broad-spectrum germicides, Application of Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, the publication is Journal of Infectious Diseases (1964), 304-10, database is CAplus.

More than 100 coordination complexes of triarylboranes with amines and substituted phosphines were screened against bacteria and fungi, and selected members were also screened against protozoa. The chem. stable complexes of triphenylborane and tris(para-substituted phenyl)borane were powerful broad-spectrum germicides, fungicides, and protozoicides.

Journal of Infectious Diseases published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C19H22BNO5, Application of Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Yu, Weiqun published the artcileReviving Cav1.2 as an attractive drug target to treat bladder dysfunction, Name: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the publication is FASEB Journal (2022), 36(1), e22118, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A review. Inhibition of bladder contraction with antimuscarinics is a common approach to treat bladder hyperactivity, and the L-type voltage-gated calcium channel α1C (Cav1.2) is crucial for bladder contractility. Therefore, strategies aimed at inhibiting Cav1.2 appear warranted. However, multiple clin. trials that attempted to treat bladder overactivity with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) have been unsuccessful, creating an unsolved mystery. In contrast, cardiologists and epidemiologists have reported strong associations between CCB use and bladder hyperactivity, opposing expectations of urologists. Recent findings from our lab offer a potential explanation. We have demonstrated that ketamine which can cause cystitis, functions, like nifedipine, as a Cav1.2 antagonist. We also show that a Cav1.2 agonist which potentiates muscle contraction, rather than antagonizing it, can increase the volume of voids and reduce voiding frequency. This perspective will discuss in detail the unsuccessful urol. trials of CCBs and the promise of Cav1.2 agonists as potential novel therapies for bladder dysfunctions.

FASEB Journal published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C16H20N2, Name: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Chen, Hong-hua published the artcileEfficacy of manual reduction combined with betahistine mesylate in treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, SDS of cas: 54856-23-4, the publication is Xiandai Zhenduan Yu Zhiliao (2017), 28(7), 1235-1236, database is CAplus.

To explore the efficacy of manual reduction combined with drugs in the treatment of 60 cases of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. Patients who were diagnosed with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo in our hospital from Feb. 2013 to Jan. 2015 were collected and randomly divided into a study group and a control group. The basic treatment of the two groups was manual reduction, and the study group was treated with betahistine mesylate tablets. The therapeutic effects of the two groups were compared for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo. The two groups were scored by the Vertigo Disorder Rating Scale before and after treatment. The therapeutic effects of the study group and the control group for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo were 100% and 66.7%, resp., and there was a difference (P < 0.05). The study group and the control group had no difference in the scores of the Vertigo Disorder Rating Scale before treatment (P > 0.05). There was a difference in the scores of the vertigo disorder rating scale between the study group and the control group after treatment (P < 0.05). This article believes that manual reduction combined with drugs has a definite effect in the treatment of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo and can significantly improve the symptoms of patients.

Xiandai Zhenduan Yu Zhiliao published new progress about 54856-23-4. 54856-23-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Salt,Amine,Inhibitor,Inhibitor, name is N-Methyl-2-(pyridin-2-yl)ethan-1-amine dimethanesulfonate, and the molecular formula is C10H20N2O6S2, SDS of cas: 54856-23-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Christophe, Bernard published the artcileOccurrence of early after depolarization under healthy or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy conditions in the human ventricular endocardial myocyte: In silico study using 109 torsadogenic or non-torsadogenic compounds, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the publication is Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (2022), 115914, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The goal of the CiPA initiative (Comprehensive in vitro Proarrhythmia Assay) was to assess a more accurate prediction of new drug candidate proarrhythmic severe liabilities such as torsades de pointes, for example. This new CiPA paradigm was partly based on in silico reconstruction of human ventricular cardiomyocyte action potential useful to identify repolarization abnormalities such early afterdepolarization (EAD), for example. Using the ToR-ORd algorithm (Tomek-Rodriguez-O’Hara-Rudy dynamic model), the aim of the present work was (i) to identify intracellular parameters leading to EAD occurrence under healthy and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) conditions and (ii) to evaluate the prediction accuracy of compound torsadogenic risk based on EAD occurrence using a large set of 109 torsadogenic and non-torsadogenic compounds under both exptl. conditions. In silico results highlighted the crucial involvement of Ca++ handling in the ventricular cardiomyocyte intracellular subspace compartment for the initiation of EAD, demonstrated by a higher amplitude of Ca++ release from junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum to subspace compartments (Jrel) measured at EAD take-off voltage in the presence vs. the absence of EAD initiated either by high IKr inhibition or by high enough concentration of a torsadogenic compound under both exptl. conditions. Under healthy or HCM conditions, the prediction accuracy of the torsadogenic risk of compound based on EAD occurrence was observed to be 61 or 92%, resp. This high accuracy under HCM conditions was discussed regarding its usefulness for cardiac safety pharmacol. at least at early drug screening/preclin. stage of the drug development process.

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Namekawa, Keisuke published the artcileMarine paint development trend and forecast. Environmental regulation related to the antifouling paints for the ship bottom and the corresponding antifouling agents, Formula: C23H20BN, the publication is Toso Gijutsu (2006), 45(8), 63-66, database is CAplus.

A review. The regulation for the ship bottom fouling prevention agents in Europe, the biocide product directive, the control of the antifouling agents for the paints for the ship bottom in Japan, the selection of the effective components of the antifouling agents, the toxicity of the antifouling agents for the ship bottom, and the examples of the degradability and accumulation properties of Zinc Omadine (zinc pyrithione), Copper Omadine (copper pyrithione), and Borocide P (triphenylboronpyridine) are reviewed.

Toso Gijutsu published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Formula: C23H20BN.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Yu, Hao-jie published the artcileResearch on biofilm gel antifouling technology, Computed Properties of 971-66-4, the publication is Xiandai Huagong (2013), 33(4), 87-90, database is CAplus.

The biodegradable antifouling coating and the biodegradable resin synthesized by MCRI are introduced. The biodegradable resin has oligomeric lactic acid as the main structural units containing block structures. The recent progress of biodegradable environment-friendly antifouling paints by MCRI are summarized. The biodegradable/biofilm gel antifouling new technol. is put forward. Its latest research progress is proposed as well.

Xiandai Huagong published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C7H6O3, Computed Properties of 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Wang, Pengfei published the artcileThe fingerprints of nifedipine/isonicotinamide cocrystal polymorph studied by terahertz time-domain spectroscopy, Name: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the publication is International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) (2022), 121759, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Cocrystal is constructed to improve physicochem. properties of active pharmaceutical ingredient and prevent polymorphism via intermol. interactions. However, recent examples on cocrystal polymorphs display significantly different properties. Even though some anal. techniques have been used to characterize the cocrystal polymorphic system, it remains unclear how intermol. interactions drive and stabilize the structure. In this work, we study the cocrystal polymorphs of nifedipine (NFD) and isonicotinamide (INA) using terahertz (THz) spectroscopy. Form I and form II of NFD-INA cocrystals show spectral fingerprints in THz region. Temperature-dependent THz spectra display distinguished frequency shifts of each fingerprint. Combined with solid-state d. functional theory (DFT) calculations, the exptl. fingerprints and their distinct responses to temperature are elucidated by specific collective vibrational modes. The vibrations of hydrogen bonding between dihydropyridine ring of NFD and INA are generally distributed below 1.5 THz, which play important roles in stabilizing cocrystal and preventing the oxidation of NFD. The rotations of Me group in NFD are widely distributed in the range of 1.5-4.0 THz, which helps the steric recognition. The results demonstrate that THz spectroscopy is a sensitive tool to discriminate cocrystal polymorphs. It has the potential to be used as a non-invasive technique for pharmaceutical screening.

International Journal of Pharmaceutics (Amsterdam, Netherlands) published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C19H14Cl2, Name: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Appelhans, Dietmar published the artcileOligosaccharide-modified poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers: synthesis, structure determination, and Cu^II complexation, SDS of cas: 971-66-4, the publication is Macromolecular Bioscience (2007), 7(3), 373-383, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The multiple application of reductive amination on primary amino groups of first and second generation poly(propyleneimine) dendrimers is used as a one-pot approach to introduce twice the amount of the oligosaccharide units as surface groups, compared to initially present amino groups in the first and second generation dendrimers. This was proven by ¹H NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS, and LILBID-MS anal. The size of these dendrimers was determined by the hydrodynamic radius using pulsed field gradient NMR and dynamic light scattering. Mol. modeling confirmed the presence of dense-shell dendrimers. These dendrimers exhibit a generation dependent Cu^II/dendrimer ratio in an aqueous environment, highlighting these materials as possible metal-carrier systems with a well-defined oligosaccharide protection shell for application in a biol. environment.

Macromolecular Bioscience published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, SDS of cas: 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem