Tag: M.W=300-350

Fu, Chengxiao published the artcilePopulation Pharmacokinetic Modelling for Nifedipine to Evaluate the Effect of Parathyroid Hormone on CYP3A in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease., Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the publication is Drug design, development and therapy (2022), 2261-2274, database is MEDLINE.

Purpose: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) can induce the downregulation of CYP3A in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Nevertheless, the effect of PTH on CYP3A-mediated clearance pathways from a clinical perspective remains unclear. Methods: This study employed population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling to delineate potential changes in CYP3A activity in patients with CKD. Pharmacokinetic data for nifedipine, a typical CYP3A substrate, as well as covariate information, were prospectively collected from 157 patients with a total of 612 concentrations. PopPK data analysis was performed using a nonlinear mixed-effects model. Results: The pharmacokinetics of nifedipine were optimally described according to a one-compartment model with zero-order absorption and first-order elimination. The estimated population parameters (and interindividual variability) were apparent clearance (CL/F) 49.61 L/h (58.33%) and apparent volume of distribution (V/F) 2300.26 L (45.62%), and the PTH level negatively correlated with CL/F. In comparison with the reference level, it was observed that the dosage of nifedipine should be reduced with the maximum boundary value of PTH, after a Monte Carlo simulation. Conclusion: This study provides insight into the effects of PTH on CYP3A-mediated clearance pathways. Moreover, PTH could be used as a guide for the appropriate administration of CYP3A eliminated drugs in patients with CKD.

Drug design, development and therapy published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Xiong, Zhihui published the artcileFour kinds of tocolytic therapy for preterm delivery: Systematic review and network meta-analysis, Formula: C17H18N2O6, the publication is Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics (2022), 47(7), 1036-1048, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Meta-anal. of premature birth affects more than 15 million infants, as well as mothers and families around the world. With the relaxation of the two-child policy, the problem of premature birth has become relatively prominent in China. According to statistics, China had a birth population of 15.23 million in 2018, with a considerably large number of premature births. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of tocolysis in the treatment of preterm delivery, provide clin. evidence for medical staff and promote the self-management of patients with premature births. Four English databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science) were retrieved by computer, the retrieval time was from the establishment of each database to Nov. 2021, and the randomized controlled trials for the treatment of preterm delivery were screened according to the pre-set natriuretic exclusion criteria. After literature screening, data selection and risk of bias evaluation were independently conducted by two researchers. R 4.1.1 and Stata 17.0 software were used for statistical anal. A total of 44 RCTs were included, including 6939 patients. The results of network meta-anal. reveal that in terms of effectiveness, indomethacin was the most effective intervention measure, followed by nifedipine, and the difference was statistically significant; regarding safety, nifedipine was the safest intervention measure, followed by indomethacin, and the difference was statistically significant; and in respect of adverse reactions, ritodrine had the highest probability, and the difference was statistically significant. Nifedipine may be better for delayed delivery and less likely to produce adverse pregnancy outcomes, followed by indomethacin. Limited by the number and quality of recipient studies, the aforementioned conclusions need to be verified through more high-quality studies. At the same time, the focus should be on patients with twin pregnancy and patients with clin. manifestations of extreme preterm delivery.

Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C7H13NO2, Formula: C17H18N2O6.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Onduka, Toshimitsu published the artcileToxicity of Degradation Products of the Antifouling Biocide Pyridine Triphenylborane to Marine Organisms, Synthetic Route of 971-66-4, the publication is Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology (2013), 65(4), 724-732, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

We evaluated the acute toxicities of the main degradation products of pyridine triphenylborane (PTPB), namely, diphenylborane hydroxide (DPB), phenylborane dihydroxide (MPB), phenol, and biphenyl, to the alga Skeletonema costatum, the crustacean Tigriopus japonicus, and 2 teleosts, the red sea bream Pagrus major and the mummichog Fundulus heteroclitus. DPB was the most toxic of the degradation products to all four organisms. The acute toxicity values of DPB for S. costatum, T. japonicus, red sea bream, and mummichog were 55, 70, 100, and 200-310 μg/L, resp. The degradation products were less toxic than PTPB to S. costatum and T. japonicus; however, the toxicities of DPB and PTPB to the fish species were similar. We also examined changes in the inhibition of growth rate of S. costatum as well as the percentage of immobilization of T. japonicus as end points of toxicity of PTPB after irradiation of PTPB with 432 ± 45 W/m² of 290-700 nm wavelength light. After 7 days of irradiation with this light, the concentration of PTPB in the test solutions decreased markedly. A decrease in toxic effects closely coincided with the decrease in the concentration of PTPB caused by the irradiation PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions Because the concentrations of PTPB that were acutely toxic to S. costatum and T. japonicus were <10 % of the corresponding concentrations of its degradation products, PTPB probably accounted for most of the toxicity in the irradiation test solutions

Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Synthetic Route of 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Kobayashi, Naomasa published the artcileEffects of new antifouling compounds on the development of sea urchin, Quality Control of 971-66-4, the publication is Marine Pollution Bulletin (2002), 44(8), 748-751, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Tributyltin oxide (TBTO) was used worldwide in marine antifouling paints as a biocide for some time. However, it produced toxic effects, especially in marine water/sediment ecosystems. Consequently, its use in antifouling paints was prohibited in many countries. In this study, the toxicity of alternative and/or new antifouling biocides compared with TBTO is assessed by a biol. method. The effects of these chems. on marine species were not well studied. This paper assesses, comparatively, the effects of 8 biocides on sea urchin eggs and embryos. The chems. assessed were TBTO, Irgarol 1051, M1 (the persistent degradation product of Irgarol), Diuron, Zn pyrithione, KH101, Sea-Nine 211, and Cu pyrithione. For these chems., toxicity appears to be in the order Zn pyrithione>Sea-Nine 211>KH101>Cu pyrithione>TBTO>Diuron∼Irgarol 1051>M1. Here, the authors show that zinc pyrithione, Sea-Nine 211, KH101, and copper pyrithione are much more toxic to sea urchins than TBTO or the other chems.

Marine Pollution Bulletin published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Quality Control of 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mieno, Hirohisa published the artcileToxic effects of alternative antifouling biocides on marine zooplankton and phytoplankton, COA of Formula: C23H20BN, the publication is Yosui to Haisui (2004), 46(12), 1031-1036, database is CAplus.

The toxic effects of antifouling biocides as alternatives of TBT, TBTO and the like on marine zooplankton and phytoplankton were assessed; the used biocides were Irgarol 1051, Diuron, Sea-Nine 211, Zinc pyrithione, Copper pyrithione, Tri-Ph borane pyridine (KH101). Zinc di-Me dithiocarbamate and N-(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)maleimide (TCPM); in addition, Cu²⁺, Cr⁶⁺, Zn²⁺, Cd²⁺ and DMSO were examd; the used phytoplankton were Skeletonema costatum (NIES-323) and the used zooplankton were Artemia saline. The bioassay examination for the phytoplankton were performed based on the ISO 10253 (1995) method; for the zooplankton, Artoxkit M (Microbiotest corporation) with a microplate was used. Values of NOEC and 72-h EC₅₀ for S. costatum, and 48-h LC₁₀ and 48-h LC₅₀ for A. salina were determined for each of the biocides, and metals also. The values of 72-h EC₅₀ were 0.85-21 μg/L; the ones of 48-h LC₅₀ were 28-7400 μg/L. The biocides showed higher sensitivities than the metals. The risk assessment in the maline environment also was tried based on the obtained data and published data for the highest concentrations of the residual biocides in maline water (HCRB) in references; the assessment were relied on risk coefficients determined in an equation: risk coefficient = (HCRB)/(NOEC or LOEC). The values of NOEC and LOEC were discussed of many countries.

Yosui to Haisui published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, COA of Formula: C23H20BN.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Tsuboi, Ai published the artcileEffects of light on the fate of triphenylborane compounds in water, Application of Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, the publication is Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi (2012), 66(5), 275-282, database is CAplus.

Anti-fouling agents are usually applied to ship hulls to prevent worsening of fuel consumption rates resulting from the buildup of marine organisms, such as barnacles and bivalves, which become attached to the surfaces of ship hulls. Triphenylborane compounds (TPBP, TPBOA, OPA) are popular antifouling agents mainly used in Japan, but there is little information available on its fate and ecotoxicity in aquatic environments. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of light on the fate of three triphenylborane compounds in water. The solutions containing triphenylborane compound irradiated with white fluorescent lamp for up to 48 h were subjected for chem. anal. of triphenylborane compounds and its degradation products and for ecotoxicity assessment to marine photo bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri and crustacean Artemia salina. TPBOA and OPA were quant. analyzed as TPBP with adding excess amount pyridine. Triphenylborane compounds in 2% sodium chloride solution and artificial seawater were degraded with irradiation of white fluorescent lamp. The 30-min EC₅₀ values of the triphenylborane compounds for photo bacteria were ranging in 0.27 âˆ?1.0 and the 48-h LC₅₀ values of them for crustacean were ranging in 0.079 âˆ?0.26 μ M, resp. Crustacean was more susceptible to triphenylborane compounds than photo bacteria. Ecotoxicity of the solution was reduced by irradiation of white fluorescent lamp. Crustacean lethality by triphenylborane compounds was well expressed with the concentration after exposure regardless of the treatments. It was suggested that unknown products, might have produced, had less ecotoxicity.

Nippon Kaisui Gakkaishi published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C7H7ClN2S, Application of Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Tsuboi, Ai published the artcileDegradation of triphenylborane-pyridine antifouling agent in water by copper ions, Formula: C23H20BN, the publication is Environmental Technology (2013), 34(20), 2835-2840, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Triphenylborane-pyridine (TPBP) is an antifouling compound used in Asian countries, including Japan, and its residue has not been detected in aquatic environments to date. There are limited data on its fate for environmental management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether TPBP is degraded by metal ions in aquatic environments. TPBP with metal ions in 20 mM sodium acetate buffer at pH 8.0 was placed at 25°C in the dark for 24 h. The concentrations of TPBP and its degradation products, such as diphenylboronic acid, phenylboronic acid (MPB), phenol, benzene, biphenyl, and boron were determined The presence of copper ions (50 mg/l), but not zinc or manganese ions, resulted in complete degradation of TPBP in 24 h. The TPBP degradation was much faster than the boron production in the initial reaction (0-1 h) with copper salts, depending on the copper salts tested. TPBP was degraded by copper ions (5 mg/l) in 24 h, producing phenol, MPB, biphenyl, and borate. Cu²⁺ as copper(II) chloride or copper(II) acetate led to complete degradation of TPBP, and EDTA disodium salt addition suppressed the TPBP degradation Cu⁺ as copper(I) acetate also completely degraded TPBP, and bathocuproine addition suppressed the TPBP degradation This suggests that copper ions existing in natural environments might degrade TPBP released from antifouling paint into water, and this could be one of the important mechanisms to dissipate TPBP residues in aquatic environments.

Environmental Technology published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C14H12N2S, Formula: C23H20BN.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhou, Xiaojian published the artcileAbiotic degradation of triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP) antifouling agent in water, Computed Properties of 971-66-4, the publication is Chemosphere (2007), 67(10), 1904-1910, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

The abiotic degradation of the new antifouling agent, triphenylborane pyridine (TPBP), was studied in buffer solutions of pH 5, 7, and 9, and in artificial and natural seawater to estimate environmental fate of TPBP. The TPBP in these waters was decomposed by a 7-day hydrolysis process at 50° both in the dark and a photolysis process under UV-A irradiation using a high-pressure Hg lamp for â‰?4 h. TPBP hydrolysis was significantly enhanced by acidic pH solutions The photolysis rate of TPBP was higher in acidic pH solutions than in neutral or basic pH solutions, and was highest in natural seawater, which could have contained naturally dissolved organic matter. Two degradation products, phenol and an unknown substance (Peak #1), were observed during the hydrolysis and photolysis studies of TPBP. The concentration of these substances after a 1-day photolysis treatment was higher than after a 7-day hydrolysis treatment. The degradation rate of TPBP in the 5 test water samples was related to the simultaneous photolysis formation of phenol and Peak #1. However, the degradation rate of TPBP was not related to the formation of the hydrolysis products. It is suggested that photodegradation of TPBP follows a different pathway to the hydrolysis degradation of TPBP. Our results indicate the chem. and photochem. reaction of TPBP in water occurs in natural aquatic environments.

Chemosphere published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C10H15NO, Computed Properties of 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zhou, Xiaojian published the artcileApplicability of luminescent assay using fresh cells of Vibrio fischeri for toxicity evaluation, Recommanded Product: Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, the publication is Journal of Health Science (2006), 52(6), 811-816, database is CAplus.

Toxicities of antifouling chems. and natural marine samples were evaluated by three assays, among which bioluminescence assay using freshly incubated Vibrio fischeri (V. fischeri) cells (NZ assay) and MicroTox were regarded as short-term assays, and growth inhibition assay was conducted as long-term assay. Short-term toxicity levels evaluated by NZ assay were in good agreement with those by MicroTox assay for all of the samples examined Based on the EC₅₀ values of each chem. by resp. assay, NZ assay showed prior reproducibility and similar levels of sensitivity when compared with those of MicroTox assay. On the other hand, growth inhibition assay showed lower sensitivity and reproducibility than NZ and MicroTox assays. Four kinds of antifouling chems., Irgarol 1051, Diuron, thiabendazole (TBDZ), and N-dichlorofluoromethylthio-N’,N’-dimethyl-N-phenylsulfamide (DCF), were detected to possess delayed toxicity from the judgments on the difference of short-term and long-term toxicities. Four out of 16-seawater samples collected in Japan showed remarkable toxicity in NZ assay, suggesting that they were contaminated by several types of antifouling chems. Considering time consumed, facility for operation, cost, and requirements, NZ assay was proved to be efficient for toxicity evaluations for artificial and natural samples.

Journal of Health Science published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C9H10O4, Recommanded Product: Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Oraebosi, M. I. published the artcileDiurnal efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid/nifedipine/glimepiride combination mitigates diabetic neuropathies in rats, HPLC of Formula: 21829-25-4, the publication is Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises (2022), 80(3), 291-300, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Time-dependent effects of alpha-lipoic acid/nifedipine/glimepiride combination on diabetic neuropathies were investigated in rats. 7 groups (n = 9) of rats were used.First and second groups were apparently normal and diabetic rats resp., and were administered 1 mL/kg distilled water. The rest of the groups were diabetic and administered 10 mg/kg glimepiride at night-time (8:00 pm). Groups 4-7 were administered addnl. 20 mg/kg nifedipine at morning-time (8:00 am), while groups 5-7 were also administered 100 mg/kg alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in the morning, afternoon and night-time resp. (8:00 am, 2:00 pm and 8:00 pm). During the 28 days of oral treatment, paw pressure, tail immersion and motor coordination tests were conducted. The rats were euthanized on the 29th day after a charcoal meal. The small intestines were excised to determine intestinal transit while the brain was collected, homogenised and used to determine levels of oxidative stress.Data show that treatment with ALA at 8:00 am or 2:00 pm significantly (P �0.01) produced a delay in the onset and improved prognosis of neuropathies. Treatment with ALA at 8:00 pm prevented manifestation of neuropathies throughout the study with pos. antioxidant effects.Time-dependent ALA treatment in combination with nifedipine and glimepiride should be studied in humans with an approx. similar circadian timing. This may provide addnl. clin. therapeutic options for diabetic neuropathies.

Annales Pharmaceutiques Francaises published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, HPLC of Formula: 21829-25-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem