Tag: M.W=300-350

Okamura, H. published the artcileToxicity evaluation of new antifouling compounds using suspension-cultured fish cells, Category: pyridine-derivatives, the publication is Chemosphere (2002), 46(7), 945-951, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

A simple, rapid toxicity test was developed using the suspension-cultured fish cell line CHSE-sp derived from chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha embryos to assess the toxicity of new marine antifouling compounds The compounds tested were copper pyrithione, Diuron, Irgarol 1051, KH101, Sea-Nine 211, and zinc pyrithione, all of which have been nominated in Japan as possible replacements for organotin compounds The in vitro acute toxicity (24-h EC₅₀) of the six compounds to these fish cells was evaluated using the dye Alamar Blue to determine cell viability, and then correlated with the results of in vivo chronic toxicities (28-day LC₅₀) to juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The suspension-cultured fish cells were found to be suitable for the screening of such chems. before performing an in vivo test. The toxicities of the test compounds obtained from both tests, shown in decreasing order, were as follows: copper pyrithione > zinc pyrithione > KH101 â‰?Sea-Nine 211 > Diuron > Irgarol 1051. The herbicides Diuron and Irgarol 1051 showed the least toxicity, while the pyrithiones had the greatest toxicity.

Chemosphere published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Category: pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Song, Fan published the artcileSynergistically Improved Antifouling Efficiency of a Bioinspired Self-renewing Interface via a Borneol/ Boron Acrylate Polymer, Synthetic Route of 971-66-4, the publication is Journal of Colloid and Interface Science (2022), 459-466, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Underwater facilities are often perplexed by severe and ubiquitous biofouling. The widely applied com. antifouling materials still have several challenges in static applications. Herein, a polymer containing isoborneol and borane (PBABs), the borneol derivative structure and grafted pyridine-triphenylborane (PTPB) as antifouling groups were prepared by radical polymerization PBABs showed high antibacterial rates for Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) of up to 95.1% and 81.1%, resp., confirming superior antibacterial adhesion propertys. More importantly, PBABs effectively reduced the expression of mussel adhesion protein, indicating superior antifouling propertys, resulting from the synergistic effect of multiple antifouling functional groups on the material′s surface. Therefore, the PBABs have been evaluated as noncytotoxic, low-cost, easily synthesized, and mass-produced, which demonstrates their great potential for actual marine applications.

Journal of Colloid and Interface Science published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C10H10O2, Synthetic Route of 971-66-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Wu, Tianshu published the artcileNitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots induce ferroptosis through disrupting calcium homeostasis in microglia, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the publication is Particle and Fibre Toxicology (2022), 19(1), 22, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Along with the wild applications of nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) in the fields of biomedicine and neuroscience, their increasing exposure to the public and potential biosafety problem has gained more and more attention. Unfortunately, the understanding of adverse effects of N-GQDs in the central nervous system (CNS), considered as an important target of nanomaterials, is still limited. After we found that N-GQDs caused cell death, neuroinflammation and microglial activation in the hippocampus of mice through the ferroptosis pathway, microglia was used to assess the mol. mechanisms of N-GQDs inducing ferroptosis because it could be the primary target damaged by N-GQDs in the CNS. The microarray data suggested the participation of calcium signaling pathway in the ferroptosis induced by N-GQDs. In microglial BV2 cells, when the calcium content above the homeostatic level caused by N-GQDs was reversed, the number of cell death, ferroptosis alternations and excessive inflammatory cytokines release were all alleviated. Two calcium channels of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (L-VGCCs) in plasma membrane and ryanodine receptor (RyR) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) took part in N-GQDs inducing cytosolic calcium overload. L-VGCCs and RyR calcium channels were also involved in promoting the excess iron influx and triggering ER stress response, resp., which both exert excessive ROS generation and result in the ferroptosis and inflammation in BV2 cells. N-GQDs exposure caused ferroptosis and inflammatory responses in hippocampus of mice and cultured microglia through activating two calcium channels to disrupt intracellular calcium homeostasis. The findings not only posted an alert for biomedical applications of N-GQDs, but also highlighted an insight into mechanism researches of GQDs inducing multiple types of cell death in brain tumor therapy in the future.

Particle and Fibre Toxicology published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C11H7ClFNO3, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Darden, Carly M. published the artcileCalcineurin/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT signaling maintains β-cell identity and function during metabolic and inflammatory stress, Category: pyridine-derivatives, the publication is iScience (2022), 25(4), 104125, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Pancreatic islets respond to metabolic and inflammatory stress by producing hormones and other factors that induce adaptive cellular and systemic responses. Here we show that intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) and ROS signals generated by high glucose and cytokine-induced ER stress activate calcineurin (CN)/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT to maintain β-cell identity and function. This was attributed in part by direct induction of the endocrine differentiation gene RFX6 and suppression of several β-cell “disallowed” genes, including MCT1. CN/NFATc2 targeted p300 and HDAC1 to RFX6 and MCT1 promoters to induce and suppress gene transcription, resp. In contrast, prolonged exposure to stress, hyperstimulated [Ca2+]i, or perturbation of CN/NFATc2 resulted in downregulation of RFX6 and induction of MCT1. These findings reveal that CN/NFATc2 and PI3K/AKT maintain β-cell function during acute stress, but β-cells dedifferentiate to a dysfunctional state upon loss or exhaustion of Ca2+/CN/NFATc2 signaling. They further demonstrate the utility of targeting CN/NFATc2 to restore β-cell function.

iScience published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Category: pyridine-derivatives.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Mikhailov, B. M. published the artcileOrganoboron compounds. Synthesis of complex compounds of unsymmetric borontriaryls, COA of Formula: C23H20BN, the publication is Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR (1956), 94-7, database is CAplus.

All operations with Li derivatives described below were performed under N. To 0.07 mol 1-C₁₀H₇Li in Et₂O was added at -10° in 1 h. 16.6 g. Ph₂BOCH₂CHMe₂; after 2 h. at room temperature there was obtained a precipitate of 30% [Ph₂(1-C₁₀H₇)BOCH₂CHMe₂]Li.2Et₂O (I), a crystalline solid. The filtrate from this was treated with NH₃ yielding 30% 1-C₁₀H₇BPh₂.NH₃, a solid (from C₆H₆-pentane). Similarly, 0.028 mol PhLi and 9.4 g. iso-BuOB(C₁₀H₇-1)₂ gave 80% [(1-C₁₀H₇)₂BPhOCH₂CHMe₂]Li (II). I (0.9 g.) in Et₂O-C₆H₆ was treated with 0.5 mL. pyridine; after evaporation the residue was treated with H₂O yielding an insoluble precipitate of 88% [Ph₂B(1-C₁₀H₇)].C₅H₅N, m. 170-5°. Similarly, II gave 80% (1-C₁₀H₇)₂BPh.C₅H₅N, m. 213-15°. Similarly was prepared 46% (1-C₁₀H₇)₂(o-MeC₆H₄)B.C₅H₅N, m. 203-5°. Passage of NH₃ into II in Et₂O gave after evaporation of solvent and dilution with H₂O 75% insoluble (1-C₁₀H₇)₂BPh.NH₃, m. 170-3° (shrinks at 135-44°). From o-MeC₆H₄Li and iso-BuOBPh₂ was prepared the complex Li salt (IIa) which treated with NH₃ in Et₂O gave 54.5% (o-MeC₆H₄)BPh₂.NH₃, m. 175-8° (shrinks at 147-50°), while the filtrate on addition of KBr gave o-MeC₆H₄BPh₂K, colorless crystals. Similarly, PhLi and iso-BuOBPh₂ gave 65% Ph₃B.NH₃, m. 202-4°, while the filtrate with KBr gave a little Ph₄BK. Passage of dry HCl into I in C₆H₆, filtration and evaporation gave a residue which taken up in pentane and treated with NH₃ gave 97% Ph₂BOCH₂CHMe₂.NH₃ (III), m. 101-3°, while the filtrate gave C₁₀H₈; III, m. 103-5°, forms from NH₃ and the ester directly. Similarly IIa treated with HCl, then with NH₃ as above gave 70% III. Treatment of III with 1 mol PhLi in Et₂O gave 50% Ph₃B.NH₃. Addition of 0.0043 mol iso-BuOBPh₂ to 0.005 mol PhLi without cooling in Et₂O followed by 1 mol pyridine rapidly gave 96% Ph₃B.C₅H₅N, decompose 215°. Similarly were prepared o-MeC₆H₄BPh₂.C₅H₅N, m. 172-4°, and 85% (1-C₁₀H₇)₂(o-MeC₆H₄)B.C₅H₅N, m. 203-5°.

Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, COA of Formula: C23H20BN.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Sun, Linli published the artcileAnalysis of the Clinical Characteristics of Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor-Induced Bullous Pemphigoid, HPLC of Formula: 21829-25-4, the publication is Annals of Pharmacotherapy (2022), 56(2), 205-212, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Objective: To analyze and discuss the clin. characteristics of dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor (DPP4i)-induced bullous pemphigoid (BP). Data Sources: We collected case reports of DPP4i-induced BP by searching databases from 2006 to mid-May 2021, as a retrospective anal. Study Selection and Data Extraction: Relevant case reports and case analyses of DPP4i-induced BP were included. Data Synthesis: The median time of symptom onset was 9 mo (range 0.5-59 mo). BP most often occurred in patients receiving vildagliptin (52.63%) followed by linagliptin (27.19%) and sitagliptin (17.54%). Tense bullae and blisters (85.51%) and erythema (82.61%) on the extremities and trunk were the most common presenting symptoms. In total, 64.06% of BP patients were anti-BP180 autoantibody pos., 58.97% were BP180NC16a autoantibody pos., and 31.25% were anti-BP230 autoantibody pos. Skin biopsy revealed subepidermal bulla eosinophil infiltration in 93.85% of BP patients, lymphocyte infiltration in 56.93%, and neutrophil infiltration in 44.62%. Direct immunofluorescence was pos. in 98.94% of BP patients with linear deposition of IgG (97.80%) and/or complement C3 (98.94%) along the basement membrane zone. Indirect immunofluorescence was pos. in 87.88% of BP patients. Complete remission of BP was achieved in 83.64% of patients on DPP4i withdrawal and after 4 mo (range 0.13-72 mo) of follow-up. Relevance to Patient Care and Clin. Practice: This review analyzes and discusses the clin. characteristics of DPP4i-induced BP and provides a reference for the safe and reasonable clin. application of DPP4i. DPP4i drugs are related to the occurrence of BP in diabetic patients, especially elderly men taking vildagliptin.

Annals of Pharmacotherapy published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C7H5Br2F, HPLC of Formula: 21829-25-4.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Phan, Thieu X. published the artcileTRPV1 in arteries enables a rapid myogenic tone, Name: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the publication is Journal of Physiology (Oxford, United Kingdom) (2022), 600(7), 1651-1666, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Arterioles maintain blow flow by adjusting their diameter in response to changes in local blood pressure. In this process called the myogenic response, a vascular smooth muscle mechanosensor controls tone predominantly through altering the membrane potential. In general, myogenic responses occur slowly (minutes). In the heart and skeletal muscle, however, tone is activated rapidly (tens of seconds) and terminated by brief (100 ms) arterial constrictions. Previously, we identified extensive expression of TRPV1 in the smooth muscle of arterioles supplying skeletal muscle, heart and fat. Here we reveal a critical role for TRPV1 in the rapid myogenic tone of these tissues. TRPV1 antagonists dilated skeletal muscle arterioles in vitro and in vivo, increased coronary flow in isolated hearts, and transiently decreased blood pressure. All of these pharmacol. effects were abolished by genetic disruption of TRPV1. Stretch of isolated vascular smooth muscle cells or raised intravascular pressure in arteries triggered Ca²⁺ signalling and vasoconstriction. The majority of these stretch-responses were TRPV1-mediated, with the remaining tone being inhibited by the TRPM4 antagonist, 9-phenantrol. Notably, tone developed more quickly in arteries from wild-type compared with TRPV1-null mice. Furthermore, the immediate vasodilation following brief constriction of arterioles depended on TRPV1, consistent with a rapid deactivation of TRPV1. Pharmacol. experiments revealed that membrane stretch activates phospholipase C/protein kinase C signalling combined with heat to activate TRPV1, and in turn, L-type Ca²⁺ channels. These results suggest a critical role, for TRPV1 in the dynamic regulation of myogenic tone and blood flow in the heart and skeletal muscle.

Journal of Physiology (Oxford, United Kingdom) published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Name: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Tsunemasa, Noritaka published the artcileEffects of Organoboron antifoulants on oyster and sea urchin embryo development, Application of Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, the publication is International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2013), 421-433, database is CAplus and MEDLINE.

Prohibition of Ot (organotin) compounds was introduced in Japan in 1997 and worldwide from Sept. 2008. This meant that the production of paints containing TBT compounds was stopped and alternatives to the available Ot antifoulants had to be developed. It has been claimed that the degradation byproducts of these alternative antifoulants were less toxic than those of Ot compounds Since the introduction of the alternative antifoulants, the accumulation of these compounds has been reported in many countries. However, the toxicity of these compounds was still largely unreported. Here, the toxicity of the alternative Ot antifoulants TPBP (triphenylborane pyridine) and TPBOA (triphenylborane octadecylamine) and their degradation products on Crassostrea gigas and Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus were tested. The results showed that toxic effects in C. gigas was higher for each antifouling biocide than that in Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. Also, while the toxicity of the Organoboron antifoulants and the Ots were the same, the former’s degradation products were much less harmful.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C6H6N2O, Application of Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Amaya, Toru published the artcileSelective oxidative ligand coupling of organoborates bearing an alkynyl group, Formula: C23H20BN, the publication is Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis (2009), 351(7+8), 1025-1028, database is CAplus.

Selective oxidative ligand coupling of alkynyl(triaryl)borates was achieved by treatment with ethoxyvanadyl dichloride [VO(OEt)Cl₂] to form the sp-sp² carbon-carbon bond. A one-pot procedure through the in situ preparation of the borate was demonstrated using triphenylborane and 1-ethynyl-4-methoxybenzene.

Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis published new progress about 971-66-4. 971-66-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Pyridine,Benzene, name is Triphenyl(pyridin-1-ium-1-yl)borate, and the molecular formula is C23H20BN, Formula: C23H20BN.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Guo, Changchuan published the artcile[Determination of trace genotoxic impurities in nifedipine by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry]., Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, the publication is Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography (2022), 40(3), 266-272, database is MEDLINE.

A method based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography-electrostatic field orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS) was established for the determination of genotoxic impurities 2, 6, and 12 in nifedipine. After extraction with methanol, the sample was injected into the UHPLC-Orbitrap HRMS system for analysis. An ACE EXCEL^TM 3 C18-AR column (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3 μm) was used for chromatographic separation. The mobile phase was methanol-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (65âˆ?5, v/v). The flow rate was 0.6 mL/min, while the column temperature and autosampler temperature were set as 35 â„?and 8 â„? respectively. The divert valve switching technique was used to protect the mass spectrometer. The six-way valve was set to divert the eluent of 7.5-11.6 min to waste and the rest of the eluent into the mass spectrometer. The Orbitrap mass spectrometer was coupled with the UHPLC system by an electrospray ion (ESI) source. The sheath gas and auxiliary gas flow rates were 60 and 20 arb (arbitrary units), respectively. The spray voltage was 3.5 kV, while the capillary temperature and auxiliary gas heater temperature were set as 350 â„?and 400 â„? respectively. The positive ion parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) scanning mode was adopted, and the mass spectral resolution was set to 35000 FWHM. The accurate masses of the [M+H]⁺ precursor ions of impurities 2, 6, and 12 were m/z 347.1230, 361.1026, and 347.1230, respectively. The accurate masses of the extracted [M+H]⁺ fragment ions of impurities 2, 6, and 12 were m/z 315.0968, 298.1069, and 315.0968, respectively. The normalized collision energies (NCEs) were optimized to 10%, 42%, and 10% for impurities 2, 6, and 12, respectively. The external standard method was utilized for quantitative analysis. The established method was validated in detail by investigating the specificity, linear range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), recovery, precision, and stability. This method had good specificity, and the solvent did not interfere with the determination of impurities. The peak areas of impurities 2, 6, and 12 as well as their concentrations showed good linear relationships in the ranges of 0.2-100 ng/mL, with all correlation coefficients (r)â‰?.9998. The recoveries of impurities 2, 6, and 12 at three levels (low, medium, and high) were in the range of 96.9%-105.0%, while the RSDs were between 1.21% and 5.12%. The LODs were 0.05 ng/mL and the LOQs were 0.2 ng/mL for all three impurities. This analytical method was used to determine impurities 2, 6, and 12 in three batches of nifedipine samples. Impurity 6 was not detected in the three batches, but impurities 2 and 12 were detected in all the three samples, and the detection amount was within the limit. The developed method is sensitive, fast, accurate, and easy to operate. It can provide a reference for the quality control of nifedipine by pharmaceutical companies and extend strong technical support for the supervision by drug regulatory authorities.

Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography published new progress about 21829-25-4. 21829-25-4 belongs to pyridine-derivatives, auxiliary class Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel,Calcium Channel, name is Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate, and the molecular formula is C17H18N2O6, Recommanded Product: Dimethyl 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylate.

Referemce:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem