Tag: M.W=300-400

Lennon, Kyle R.; Geri, Michela; McKinley, Gareth H.; Swan, James W. published the artcile< Medium amplitude parallel superposition (MAPS) rheology. Part 2: Experimental protocols and data analysis>, Computed Properties of 123-03-5, the main research area is medium amplitude parallel superposition rheol.

An exptl. protocol is developed to directly measure the new material functions revealed by medium amplitude parallel superposition (MAPS) rheol. This protocol measures the medium amplitude response of a material to a simple shear deformation composed of three sine waves at different frequencies, revealing a rich dataset consisting of up to 19 measurements of the third-order complex modulus at distinct three-frequency coordinates. We discuss how the choice of input frequencies influences the features of the MAPS domain studied by the experiment A polynomial interpolation method for reducing the bias of measured values from spectral leakage and reducing variance due to noise is discussed, including a derivation of the optimal range of amplitudes for the input signal. This leads to the conclusion that conducting the experiment in a stress-controlled fashion possesses a distinct advantage to the strain-controlled mode. The exptl. protocol is demonstrated through measurements of the MAPS response of a model complex fluid: a surfactant solution of wormlike micelles. The resulting dataset is indeed large and feature-rich, while still acquired in a time comparable to similar medium amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS) experiments We demonstrate that the data represent measurements of an intrinsic material function by studying its internal consistency, compatibility with low-frequency predictions for Coleman-Noll simple fluids, and agreement with data obtained via MAOS amplitude sweeps. Finally, the data are compared to predictions from the corotational Maxwell model to demonstrate the power of MAPS rheol. in determining whether a constitutive model is consistent with a material’s time-dependent response. (c) 2020 American Institute of Physics.

Journal of Rheology (Melville, NY, United States) published new progress about Computer program. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Computed Properties of 123-03-5.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Zayed, Naiera; Boon, Nico; Bernaerts, Kristel; Chatzigiannidou, Ioanna; Van Holm, Wannes; Verspecht, Tim; Teughels, Wim published the artcile< Differences in chlorhexidine mouthrinses formulations influence the quantitative and qualitative changes in in-vitro oral biofilms>, Recommanded Product: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride, the main research area is antimicrobial chlorhexidine mouthrinse oral biofilm; antimicrobials; chlorhexidine; mouthrinses; oral biofilms.

Chlorhexidine mouthrinses are marketed in different formulations. This study aimed at investigating qual. and quant. changes in in-vitro multispecies oral biofilms, induced by different chlorhexidine-containing mouthrinses. Earlier studies comparing chlorhexidine mouthrinses are either clin. studies or in-vitro studies assessing the antimicrobial efficacy of the mouthrinses. However, no clear investigations are available regarding ecol. impact of different chlorhexidine formulations on in-vitro multispecies oral biofilms after rinsing with different chlorhexidine formulations. Nine com. available chlorhexidine mouthrinses were selected. Multispecies oral communities (14 species) were grown for 48 h in a Biostat-B Twin bioreactor. After that, they were used to develop biofilms on the surface of hydroxyapatite disks in 24-well pates for 48 h. Biofilms were then rinsed once or multiple times with the corresponding mouthrinse. Biofilms were collected before starting the rinsing experiment and every 24 h for 3 days and vitality quant. PCR was performed. The experiment was repeated 3 independent times on 3 different days and the results were analyzed using a linear mixed model. The mouthrinses provoked different effects in terms of change in total viable bacterial load (VBL), ecol., and community structure of the multispecies biofilms. There was no relation between chlorhexidine concentrations, presence, or absence of cetylpyridinium chloride and/or alc., and the observed effects. Some tested chlorhexidine mouthrinses (MC, HG, HH, and HI) strongly lowered the total VBL (≈1007 Geq/mL), but disrupted biofilm symbiosis (≥40% of the biofilms communities are pathobionts). On the other hand, other tested chlorhexidine mouthrinses (MD, ME, and HF) had limited impact on total VBL (≥ 1010 Geq/mL), but improved the biofilm ecol. and community structure (≤ 10% of the biofilms communities are pathobionts). Not all chlorhexidine mouthrinses have the same effect on oral biofilms. Their effect seems to be strongly product dependent and vary according to their compositions and formulations.

Journal of Periodontal Research published new progress about Antimicrobial agents. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Recommanded Product: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Liang, Apeng; Li, Xinjian; Liu, Dongfeng; Li, Jingya; Zou, Dapeng; Wu, Yangjie; Wu, Yusheng published the artcile< The palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of trifluoroethyl iodide with aryl and heteroaryl boronic acid esters>, Name: 2-(Benzyloxy)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine, the main research area is aryl boronic acid ester trifluoroethyl iodide cross coupling palladium; heteroaryl boronic acid ester trifluoroethyl iodide cross coupling palladium; trifluoroethyl arene preparation; palladium cross coupling catalyst.

The cross-coupling reactions of 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-iodoethane with aryl and heteroaryl boronic acid esters have been successfully achieved. The new protocol allows for a convenient introduction of trifluoroethyl groups into a variety of aryl and heteroaryl moieties under mild conditions.

Chemical Communications (Cambridge, United Kingdom) published new progress about Boronic acids, esters Role: RCT (Reactant), RACT (Reactant or Reagent) (aryl/heteroaryl). 832735-54-3 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C18H22BNO3, Name: 2-(Benzyloxy)-5-(4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-1,3,2-dioxaborolan-2-yl)pyridine.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Liu, Shengrong; Chen, Ming; Cao, Xiaoqiang; Li, Guang; Zhang, Di; Li, Mingzhen; Meng, Na; Yin, Jieji; Yan, Bingqi published the artcile< Chromium (VI) removal from water using cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC)-modified montmorillonite>, Reference of 123-03-5, the main research area is chromium removal water cetylpyridinium chloride modified montmorillonite.

Montmorillonite (Mt) has been used widely for metal removal from water and wastewater due to its various advantages including low cost, large surface area, high structure stability, and high ion exchange capacity. However, the removal of anionic hexavalent chromium (Cr) using Mt is inhibited by the neg. charges on the adsorbent. To enhance Cr (VI) adsorption on Mt, a cationic surfactant – cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) – was utilized to modify the interlayer surface of Mt. Fourier-transform IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction were performed to characterize the CPC modified Mt (CPC-Mt) and the structure change of Mt. Studies have shown that CPC intercalated into Mt interlayers via electrostatic interaction between Mt and CPC, as well as the hydrophobic interaction among CPC mols. After modification, the CPC-Mt showed a pos. zeta potential at pH 2-11; while the sp. surface area decreased, CPC effectively increased the interlayer distance of Ca-Mt, with a maximum d001 value of 4.37 nm, and provided more exchange sites for Cr (VI) adsorption. Cr (VI) was efficiently removed using CPC-Mt at low pH values, but the removal was influenced adversely by the increase of pH and ionic strength. The adsorption process was described by a Langmuir isotherm model with the constant of 0.342 L/mg and the maximum adsorption capacity of 43.84 mg/g at 298 K, and by a pseudo-second order kinetic model with a kinetic coefficient of 6.62 g/(mg·min). The adsorption mechanism anal. has shown that electrostatic attraction is the main mechanism for Cr (VI) removal; at the same time, the reduction of Cr (VI) to Cr (III) by Fe (II) in Mt cannot be neglected at low pH values, which increased Cr removal and was confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic anal.

Separation and Purification Technology published new progress about Adsorbents. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Reference of 123-03-5.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

He, Qiao; Guo, Mingming; Jin, Tony Z.; Arabi, Saifanassour Ali; Liu, Donghong published the artcile< Ultrasound improves the decontamination effect of thyme essential oil nanoemulsions against Escherichia coli O157: H7 on cherry tomatoes>, Electric Literature of 123-03-5, the main research area is cherry tomato Escherichia coli thyme essential oil nanoemulsion decontamination; Antibacterial activity; Cherry tomato; E. coli O157:H7; Thyme essential oil nanoemulsion; Ultrasound.

Development of novel and effective decontamination technologies to ensure the microbiol. safety of fresh produce has gained considerable attention, mainly driven by numerous outbreaks. This work presented the first approach regarding to the application of the previously reported hurdle technologies on the sanitization of artificially contaminated cherry tomatoes. Thyme (Thymus daenensis) essential oil nanoemulsion (TEON, 8.28 nm in diameter with a narrow size distribution) was formulated via ultrasonic nanoemulsification, showing remarkably improved antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) O157:H7, compared to the coarse emulsion. The antimicrobial effect of ultrasound (US), thyme essential oil nanoemulsion (TEON) and the combination of both treatments was assessed against E. coli O157:H7. The remarkable synergistic effects of the combined treatments were achieved, which decontaminated the E. coli populations by 4.49-6.72 log CFU/g on the surface of cherry tomatoes, and led to a reduction of 4.48-6.94 log CFU/sample of the total inactivation. TEON combined with US were effective in reducing the presence of bacteria in wastewater, which averted the potential detrimental effect of cross-contamination resulted from washing wastewater in fresh produce industry. Moreover, the treatments did not noticeably alter the surface color and firmness of cherry tomatoes. Therefore, ultrasound combined with TEON is a promising and feasible alternative for the reduction of microbiol. contaminants, as well as retaining the quality characteristics of cherry tomatoes.

International Journal of Food Microbiology published new progress about Antimicrobial agents. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Electric Literature of 123-03-5.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Sun, Yi; Hu, Xueyan; Guo, Du; Shi, Chao; Zhang, Chunling; Peng, Xiaoli; Yang, Hua; Xia, Xiaodong published the artcile< Disinfectant Resistance Profiles and Biofilm Formation Capacity of Escherichia coli Isolated from Retail Chicken>, Formula: C21H38ClN, the main research area is resistance biofilm formation Escherichia chicken; biofilm formation capacity; disinfectant resistance; disinfectant-resistant genes.

Disinfectant resistance and biofilm formation capacity are two important characteristics that contribute to the persistence of microorganisms in food processing environments and contamination of food products. This study investigated the susceptibility of 510 Escherichia coli isolates against 5 disinfectants and the prevalence of 10 disinfectant-resistant genes in these isolates. The biofilm formation capacity of 194 isolates was determined, and the correlation between disinfectant resistance and biofilm formation was analyzed. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), benzalkonium chloride (BC), cetylpyridinium chloride, and chlorhexidine (CHX) against isolates were 32-512, 16-256, 32-256, and 2-32 mg/L, resp. The MICs of triclosan against 88.43% of isolates were 8-1,024 mg/L, while the MICs for the rest of isolates exceed 2,048 mg/L. The presence of ydgE, ydgF, and qacF genes was significantly correlated with the CHX resistance of E. coli isolates, while the presence of qacF and qacEΔ1 genes was significantly correlated with CTAB and BC resistance, resp. The biofilm formation capacity (adjusted optical d. value) was pos. correlated with BC resistance (r = 0.201, p < 0.01) and showed no correlation with other disinfectants. The presence of sugE(p) was pos. correlated with biofilm formation, while four genes were neg. correlated with biofilm formation. This study provides useful data on disinfectant resistance and biofilm formation capacity of E. coli contaminating poultry products, which could be helpful in guiding proper disinfectant usage and establishing effective biofilm eradication strategy in food industry. Microbial Drug Resistance (New Rochelle, NY, United States) published new progress about Biofilms (microbial). 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Formula: C21H38ClN.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Omidvar, Rose; Wu, Shijian; Mohammadigoushki, Hadi published the artcile< Detecting wormlike micellar microstructure using extensional rheology>, Name: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride, the main research area is wormlike micellar microstructure rheol.

We report experiments on two series of wormlike micellar solutions that comprise octyl trimethylammonium bromide/sodium oleate (OTAB/NaOA) and cetylpyridinium chloride/sodium salicylate (CPCl/NaSal) using a capillary breakup extensional rheometer (CaBER) and a dripping onto substrate (DoS) technique. These wormlike micellar systems show a peak in zero shear viscosity or in the shear relaxation time beyond a critical surfactant or salt concentration Prior cryogenic transmission electron microscopy imaging has indicated that the system based on OTAB/NaOA experiences a transition from linear to shorter linear micelles (L-L) beyond the viscosity peak. However, the linear wormlike micelles based on CPCl/NaSal form branched networks beyond the viscosity peak (L-B). In this work, we investigate whether the extensional rheol. is sensitive to these two different microstructural transitions. In particular, we attempt to develop a criterion based on the extensional flow parameters in order to distinguish these two systems from each other. In addition, we probe the possibility of flow-induced micellar breakage imposed by capillary breakup extensional experiments Our results indicate that at a given zero shear viscosity, the branched wormlike micelles based on CPCl/NaSal exhibit a longer filament lifetime tfil than the linear wormlike micelles. However, beyond the critical concentration, the linear wormlike micelles based on OTAB/NaOA exhibit significantly shorter filament lifetimes than their linear counterparts at concentrations below the viscosity peak. More importantly, we show that the filament lifetime scales differently with zero shear viscosity η0 in these two systems. For L-B transition, tfilαη01.1 below the viscosity peak and tfilαη00.76above the viscosity peak. However, for L-L transition, this scaling remains the same for concentrations below and above the viscosity peak and reads as tfilαη00.5. These findings provide a novel criterion to distinguish these two types of microstructural transitions in wormlike micelles. On the other hand, we demonstrate that the Trouton ratio, filament lifetime, and the extensional relaxation time measured by CaBER technique are all lower than the ones obtained by DoS method. The latter result provides the first evidence for strong nonlinear effects (e.g., flow-induced micellar breakage) in capillary breakup extensional flows of wormlike micelles. (c) 2019 American Institute of Physics.

Journal of Rheology (Melville, NY, United States) published new progress about Dimensionless number, Weissenberg. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Name: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Qiu, Xuchun; Tengbe, Michaela Sia; Xia, Xingyi; Dong, Kejun; Chen, Chen; Shi, Yanhong; Li, Ming; Xu, Hai; Wu, Xiangyang; Chen, Kun published the artcile< Impacts of Cetylpyridinium Chloride on the Survival, Development, Behavior, and Oxidative Stress of Early-Life-Stage Zebrafish (Danio rerio)>, COA of Formula: C21H38ClN, the main research area is cetylpyridinium chloride superoxide dismutase aquatic ecosystem oxidative stress; behavioral responses; cetylpyridinium chloride; development; early life stages; oxidative stress; zebrafish.

Cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) is a widely used surfactant that has been detected in various water ecosystems. However, knowledge on the toxicity of CPC to fish remains scarce. Here, we examined the survival, development, behavior, and oxidative stress in the early life stages of zebrafish exposed to CPC (0, 4, 40, 400, and 1200 μg/L) until 120 h post-fertilization (hpf). Results showed that CPC induced significant mortality at 400 and 1200 μg/L, with a 120 h-EC50 value of 175.9 μg/L. CPC significantly decreased the heart rate of embryos (48 hpf; 4-400 μg/L) and larvae (72 hpf; 40 and 400 μg/L). At 120 hpf, CPC exhibited a dual effect on the locomotion activity (decreased at 400 μg/L and increased at 4 and 40 μg/L) and elevated the reactive oxygen species, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione levels in zebrafish larvae at 400 μg/L. In addition, a correlation anal. revealed that CPC-induced oxidative stress might play a critical role in mediating the cardiac and behavioral toxicity of CPC to zebrafish larvae. Our findings suggest that CPC may disturb the fish′s development, behavior, and oxidative status at environmentally relevant concentrations, which should not be ignored when assessing its potential risks to aquatic ecosystems.

Antioxidants published new progress about Aquatic ecosystem. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, COA of Formula: C21H38ClN.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Khatouri, M.; Ahfir, R.; Lemaalam, M.; El Khaoui, S.; Derouiche, A.; Filali, M. published the artcile< Effect of hydrophobically modified PEO polymers (PEO-dodecyl) on oil/water microemulsion properties: in vitro and in silico investigations>, Recommanded Product: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride, the main research area is hydrophobically modified PEO polymer oil water microemulsion property.

Microemulsions are excellent systems for transdermal delivery of multifunctional drugs because they have the potential to improve drug absorption/permeation and handling limitations. Biocompatible polymers are used as a coating of microemulsions to avoid the interactions that can occur between the microemulsions and the skin. Thus, they protect and lubricate these transporter nanovesicles. In this paper, we studied decane/water microemulsions covered with hydrophobically modified PEO polymer (PEO-m). To reveal the effect of hydrophobically modified PEO (PEO-m) polymer on the shape, the micro-arrangement and the dynamics of the microemulsions, we used an integrated strategy combining Mol. Dynamics simulation (MD), Small-Angle Neutron Scattering experiments (SANS), and the Ornstein-Zernike integral equations with the Hypernetted Chain (HNC) closure relation. We determined the microemulsion shape in vitro using the renormalized intensities spectra from SANS experiments We discussed the micro arrangements of microemulsions, in vitro and in silico, employing the pair correlation function g(r) and the structure factor S(q), obtained from the three approaches with good agreement. Thus, we used the validated MD simulations to calculate the microemulsion’s dynamics properties that we discussed using the mean-squared displacement (MSD) and the diffusion coefficients We found that the presence of moderate quantities of PEO-m, from 4 to 12 PEO-m per microemulsion, does not influence the microemulsion shape, increases the stability of the microemulsion, and slightly decrease the dynamics. Our in vitro and in silico results suggest that polymer incorporation, which has interesting in vivo implications, has no disadvantageous effects on the microemulsion properties.

RSC Advances published new progress about Absorption. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Recommanded Product: 1-Hexadecylpyridin-1-ium chloride.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem

Bhattacharya, Ritwick; Chatterjee, Arnab; Chatterjee, Soumendranath; Saha, Nimai Chandra published the artcile< Commonly used surfactants sodium dodecyl sulphate, cetylpyridinium chloride and sodium laureth sulphate and their effects on antioxidant defence system and oxidative stress indices in Cyprinus carpio L.: an integrated in silico and in vivo approach>, Application of C21H38ClN, the main research area is surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate cetylpyridinium chloride antioxidant defense system; Cyprinus carpio; Cytochrome P450; Homology modelling; Molecular docking; Oxidative stress.

The present study evaluated the homol. modeling, in silico prediction and characterization of Cyprinus carpio cytochrome P 450, as well as mol. docking experiments between the modelled protein and the surfactants sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), sodium laureth sulfate (SLES) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC). Homol. modeling of cytochrome P 450 was performed using the best fit template structure. The structure was optimized with 3D refine, and the ultimate 3D structure was checked with PROCHEK and ERRATA. ExPASy’s ProtParam was likewise used to analyze the modelled protein’s physiochem. and stereochem. attributes. To establish the binding pattern of each ligand to the targeted protein and its effect on the overall protein conformation, mol. docking calculations and protein-ligand interactions were performed. Our in silico anal. revealed that hydrophobic interactions with the active site amino acid residues of cytochrome P 450 were more prevalent than hydrogen bonds and salt bridges. The in vivo anal. exhibited that exposure of fish to sublethal concentrations (10% and 30% of 96 h LC50) of SDS (0.34 and 1.02 mg/l), CPC (0.002 and 0.006 mg/l) and SLES (0.69 and 2.07 mg/l) at 15d, 30d and 45d adversely affected the oxidative stress and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GST, GPx and MDA) in the liver of Cyprinus carpio. As a result, the study suggests that elicited oxidative stress, prompted by the induction of antioxidant enzymes activity, could be attributable to the stable binding of cytochrome P 450 with SDS, CPC and SLES which ultimately leads to the evolution of antioxidant enzymes for its neutralization.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research published new progress about Antioxidant enzymes Role: CAT (Catalyst Use), USES (Uses). 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Application of C21H38ClN.

Referemce:
Pyridine – Wikipedia,
Pyridine | C5H5N – PubChem