Timmer, Niels; Gore, David; Sanders, David; Gouin, Todd; Droge, Steven T. J. published the artcile< Application of seven different clay types in sorbent-modified biodegradability studies with cationic biocides>, HPLC of Formula: 123-03-5, the main research area is cetyltrimethylammonium bromide cetylpyridinium chloride clay sorbent biodegradation toxicity mitigation; Bioaccessibility; Cationic surfactant; Clay minerals; Environmental risk assessment; Ready biodegradability testing; Toxicity mitigation.
The cationic surfactants cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) can exert inhibitory effects on micro-organisms responsible for their biodegradation However, under environmentally relevant exposure scenarios the presence of and sorption to organic and inorganic matter can lead to significant reduction of inhibitory effects. In our studies we investigated silica gel and seven clays as inert sorbents to mitigate these inhibitory effects in a 28 day manometric respirometry biodegradation test. CTAB was not inhibitory to the used inoculum, but we did observe that seven out of eight sorbents increased maximum attainable biodegradation, and four out of eight decreased the lag phase. The strongly inhibitory effect of CPC was successfully mitigated by most sorbents, with five out of eight allowing >50% biodegradation within 28 days. Results further indicate that bioaccessibility of the sorbed fractions in the stirred manometric test systems was higher than in calmly shaken headspace test systems. Bioaccessibility might also be limited depending on characteristics of test chem. and sorbent type, with montmorillonite and bentonite apparently providing the lowest level of bioaccessibility with CPC. Clay sorbents can thus be used as environmentally relevant sorbents to mitigate potential inhibitory effects of test chems., but factors that impede bioaccessibility should be considered. In addition to apparently increased bioaccessibility due to stirring, the automated manometric respirometry test systems give valuable and highly cost-effective insights into lag phase and biodegradation kinetics; information that is especially relevant for test chems. of gradual biodegradability.
Chemosphere published new progress about Bentonite Role: PEP (Physical, Engineering or Chemical Process), PROC (Process). 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, HPLC of Formula: 123-03-5.