Timmer, Niels; Gore, David; Sanders, David; Gouin, Todd; Droge, Steven T. J. published the artcile< Sorbent-modified biodegradation studies of the biocidal cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride>, Application of C21H38ClN, the main research area is cetylpyridinium chloride biocidal cationic surfactant sorbent modified biodegradation; Bioaccessibility; Cationic surfactant; Cetylpyridinium chloride; Environmental risk assessment; Ready biodegradability testing; Toxicity mitigation.
Biodegradability studies for the cationic surfactant cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are hampered by inhibitory effects on inoculum at prescribed test concentrations (10-20 mg organic carbon/L). In this study, we used 14C labeled CPC in the 28 d Headspace Test (OECD 310) and demonstrated that CPC was readily biodegradable (10->60% mineralization within a 10 day window) at test concentrations 0.006-0.3 mg/L with CPC as single substrate. Biodegradation efficiency was comparable over this concentration range. CPC inhibited degradation at 1 mg/L and completely suppressed inoculum activity at 3 mg/L. In an extensive sorbent modified biodegradation study we evaluated the balance between CPC bioaccessibility and toxicity. A non-inhibitory concentration of 0.1 mg/L CPC was readily biodegradable with 83% sorbed to SiO2, while biodegradation was slower when 96% was sorbed. SiO2 mitigated inhibitory effects of 1 mg/L CPC, reaching >60% biodegradation within 28 d; inhibitory effects were also mitigated by addition of com. clay powder (illite) but this was primarily reflected by a reduced lag phase. At 10 mg/L CPC SiO2 was still able to mitigate inhibitory effects, but bioaccessibility seemed limited as only 20% biodegradation was reached. Illite limited bioaccessibility more strongly and was not able to sustain biodegradation at 10 mg/L CPC.
Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety published new progress about Bioavailability. 123-03-5 belongs to class pyridine-derivatives, and the molecular formula is C21H38ClN, Application of C21H38ClN.