Suzuki Coupling Reactions in Ether-Functionalized Ionic Liquids: The Importance of Weakly Interacting Cations was written by Yang, Xue;Fei, Zhaofu;Geldbach, Tilmann J.;Phillips, Andrew D.;Hartinger, Christian G.;Li, Yongdan;Dyson, Paul J.. And the article was included in Organometallics in 2008.HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3 This article mentions the following:
Imidazolium- and pyridinium-based ionic liquids with ether/polyether substituents have been evaluated as solvents for palladium-catalyzed Suzuki C-C coupling reactions. In general, reactions proceed more efficiently in these solvents compared to other ionic liquids, which is believed to be due to better stabilization of the palladium catalyst, involving weak interactions with the ether groups. The position and the number of oxygen atoms in the ether side chain strongly influence the outcome of the coupling reactions in the imidazolium-based ionic liquids, whereas for the pyridinium-based liquids no influence is observed Carbene derivatives, generated from the imidazolium-based ionic liquids, are believed to play a role by terminating the catalytic cycle, and representative species have been isolated and characterized from stoichiometric reactions. In the experiment, the researchers used many compounds, for example, 1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3).
1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium Chloride (cas: 125652-55-3) belongs to pyridine derivatives. The ring atoms in the pyridine molecule are sp2-hybridized. The nitrogen is involved in the π-bonding aromatic system using its unhybridized p orbital. The lone pair is in an sp2 orbital, projecting outward from the ring in the same plane as the σ bonds. One of the examples of pyridines is the well-known alkaloid lithoprimidine, which is an A3 adenosine receptor antagonist and N,N-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) analog, commonly used in organic synthesis.HPLC of Formula: 125652-55-3